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Table 2 Bivariate associations between the perceived quality of interpersonal relations and the explanatory variables

From: How do Malawian women rate the quality of maternal and newborn care? Experiences and perceptions of women in the central and southern regions

Variable

ANC (N = 388)

Delivery (N = 203)

PNC (N = 230)

N

Mean

p-value

N

Mean

p-value

N

Mean

p-value

Age

  

0.128

  

0.609

  

0.970

<20

91

8.84

 

41

8.95

 

47

8.97

 

20-29

205

9.07

 

118

9.02

 

132

8.94

 

≥30

92

9.14

 

44

9.17

 

51

8.91

 

Marital status

  

0.951

  

0.425

  

0.906

Unmarried

9

9.01

 

14

9.26

 

13

8.98

 

Married

379

9.03

 

189

9.03

 

217

8.94

 

Religion

  

0.918

  

0.615

  

0.499

Non-Christian

55

9.05

 

25

8.94

 

48

9.04

 

Christian

333

9.03

 

178

9.06

 

182

8.91

 

Literacy

  

0.002

  

0.249

  

0.391

Illiterate

131

8.80

 

69

8.92

 

89

8.85

 

Literate

257

9.15

 

134

9.10

 

141

8.99

 

Wealth

  

0.118

  

0.379

  

0.662

1 (poorest)

98

8.91

 

51

8.93

 

58

8.77

 

2

97

8.99

 

54

9.17

 

57

8.99

 

3

96

9.26

 

48

9.17

 

58

8.95

 

4 (wealthiest)

97

8.98

 

50

8.89

 

57

9.04

 

Parity

  

0.471

  

0.967

  

0.879

1

121

8.97

 

66

9.07

 

76

8.97

 

2 to 3

135

9.00

 

74

9.02

 

86

8.96

 

>3

132

9.13

 

63

9.04

 

68

8.88

 

Number of children

  

0.228

  

0.859

  

0.526

No child

137

8.91

 

NA

NA

    

1-3 children

189

9.09

 

149

9.03

 

178

8.97

 

>3 children

62

9.14

 

54

9.06

 

52

8.84

 

Miscarriage

  

0.229

  

0.460

  

0.378

No miscarriage

333

9.06

 

180

9.02

 

198

8.97

 

Had miscarriage

55

8.87

 

23

9.20

 

32

8.76

 

Still birth

  

0.560

  

0.368

  

0.857

No stillbirth

371

9.04

 

197

9.05

 

221

8.94

 

Had stillbirth

17

8.88

 

6

8.66

 

9

8.87

 

Premature birth

  

0.947

  

0.920

  

0.164

No premature birth

365

9.03

 

191

9.04

 

215

8.91

 

Had premature birth

23

9.05

 

12

9.07

 

15

9.36

 

Number of current ANC visit

  

0.048

  

NA

  

NA

First visit

181

9.15

 

NA

NA

 

NA

NA

 

>1 visit

207

8.93

 

NA

NA

 

NA

NA

 

Method of delivery

  

NA

  

0.046

  

NA

Vaginal

NA

NA

 

190

9.07

 

NA

NA

 

C-section

NA

NA

 

7

8.06

 

NA

NA

 

Vacuum/forceps

NA

NA

 

4

9.10

 

NA

NA

 

Number of ANC visits, delivery

  

NA

  

0.084

  

NA

0-3 ANC visits

NA

NA

 

122

9.14

 

NA

NA

 

>3 ANC visits

NA

NA

 

80

8.88

 

NA

NA

 

Length of stay before delivery

  

NA

  

0.149

  

NA

0-2 days

NA

NA

 

170

9.07

 

NA

NA

 

≥2 days

NA

NA

 

33

9.03

 

NA

NA

 

Length of stay after delivery

  

NA

  

0.290

  

NA

0-1 day

NA

NA

 

120

8.99

 

NA

NA

 

≥2 days

NA

NA

 

83

9.29

 

NA

NA

 

Mode of transportation

  

0.043

  

0.798

  

0.177

Walking

232

8.94

 

66

8.98

 

154

9.01

 

Motorized

156

9.17

 

137

9.14

 

76

8.78

 

Wait time

  

0.613

  

0.143

  

0.902

≤1 hour

298

9.05

 

181

9.08

 

179

8.93

 

>1 hour

90

8.98

 

22

8.73

 

51

8.96

 

Self introduction by provider

  

0.003

  

0.176

  

<0.001

Not done

231

8.90

 

142

8.98

 

129

8.70

 

Done

157

9.23

 

61

9.20

 

101

9.24

 

Explanation of exam procedures (ANC, n = 380; Delivery, n = 121; PNC, n = 168)

  

0.003

  

0.991

  

0.029

Not explained

95

8.74

 

13

9.09

 

55

8.55

 

Explained

285

9.13

 

108

9.08

 

113

9.01

 

Explanation of medicine purpose & how to take (ANC, n = 366; Delivery, n = 167; PNC, n = 108)

  

0.009

  

0.273

  

0.014

Not explained

63

8.71

 

61

8.89

 

22

8.23

 

Explained

303

9.12

 

106

9.06

 

86

9.05

 

Explanation of blood specimen purpose (ANC, n = 267; Delivery, n = 85; PNC, n = 53)

  

0.012

  

0.098

  

0.001

Not explained

20

8.35

 

23

8.59

 

6

7.47

 

Explained

247

9.04

 

62

9.10

 

47

8.60

 

Consent seeking (ANC, n = 384; Delivery, n = 201; PNC, n = 183)

  

0.001

  

0.153

  

0.051

Not Sought

104

8.72

 

82

8.90

 

63

8.66

 

Sought

280

9.15

 

119

9.12

 

120

9.03

 

Encouragement to ask questions

  

<0.001

  

0.018

  

0.096

Not encouraged

143

8.76

 

123

8.90

 

107

8.80

 

Encouraged

245

9.19

 

80

9.26

 

123

9.06

 

Encouragement to have a guardian

  

0.596

  

0.007

  

0.096

Not encouraged

.

9.00

 

101

8.84

 

130

8.82

 

Encouraged

208

9.06

 

102

9.24

 

100

9.09

 

Confidentiality

  

0.001

  

0.016

  

0.105

Not Kept

24

8.33

 

17

8.45

 

30

9.27

 

Kept

364

9.08

 

186

9.10

 

200

8.89

 

Bp measurement ANC & PNC

  

0.027

  

NA

  

0.982

Not taken

147

8.88

 

NA

NA

 

133

8.94

 

Taken

241

9.13

 

NA

NA

 

97

8.94

 

Bp measurement before delivery

  

NA

  

0.927

  

NA

Not taken

NA

.

 

76

9.05

 

NA

NA

 

Taken

NA

NA

 

127

9.04

 

NA

NA

 

Bp measurement after delivery

  

NA

  

0.156

  

NA

Not taken

NA

NA

 

113

9.13

 

NA

NA

 

Taken

NA

NA

 

87

8.92

 

NA

NA

 

Baby Weight taken

  

NA

  

NA

  

0.248

Not taken

NA

NA

 

NA

NA

 

52

9.11

 

Taken

NA

NA

 

NA

NA

 

178

8.89

 
  1. NA in all field of a cell means that this variable does not apply for the respective service
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

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