Table 1 Comparisons between the non-depressed and depressed groups according to the severity of depression and symptoms

Severity of depressive symptoms:

Number of symptoms³

0.29 (0.72)

6.54 (1.29)

<0.001¹

EPDS score

3.53 (3.20)

17.59 (4.08)

<0.001¹

BDI score

4.08 (3.17)

22.22 (7.95)

<0.001¹

BHS score

1.98 (1.91)

7.69 (4.50)

<0.001¹

SCL-90 subscales:

Somatisation

1.38 (0.36)

2.18 (0.71)

<0.001¹

Obsessive-compulsive

1.46 (0.41)

2.75 (0.63)

<0.001¹

Interpersonal sensitivity

1.23 (0.30)

2.38 (0.73)

<0.001¹

Depression

1.43 (0.40)

3.21 (0.60)

<0.001¹

Anxiety

1.17 (0.24)

2.35 (0.73)

<0.001¹

Hostility

1.34 (0.36)

2.36 (0.73)

<0.001¹

Phobic anxiety

1.08 (0.18)

1.91 (0.76)

<0.001¹

Paranoid ideation

1.16 (0.26)

1.86 (0.67)

<0.001¹

Psychoticism

1.06 (0.14)

1.68 (0.52)

<0.001¹

Symptoms of major depressive episode in SCID interview:

n (%)

n (%)

p-value

Depressed mood

5 (4.8 )

93 (89.4)

<0.001²

Loss of interest/pleasure

4 (3.8)

86 (82.7)

<0.001²

Increased or decreased appetite

1 (1.0)

34 (32.7)

<0.001²

Sleep disturbance

1 (1.0)

68 (65.4)

<0.001²

Psychomotor agitation or retardation

4 (3.8)

80 (76.9)

<0.001²

Decreased energy

5 (4.8)

97 (93.3)

<0.001²

Worthlessness/feelings of guilt

5 (4.8)

90 (86.5)

<0.001²

Poor concentration

7 (6.7)

80 (76.9)

<0.001²

Suicidal ideation

0 (0.0)

26 (25.0)

<0.001²