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Table 3 Maternal morbidity in the year after childbirth in Mombasa Kenya

From: Maternal morbidity in the first year after childbirth in Mombasa Kenya; a needs assessment

Variable

Early period

n (%)

Mid period

n (%)

Late period

n (%)

P

General symptoms

       

Febrile symptoms

N = 126

8 (6)

N = 237

27 (11)

 

16/123 (13)

0.17^

Abdominal pain

N = 126

21 (17)

N = 237

43 (18)

 

33/123 (27)

0.03^

Nutrition, anaemia and malaria

Body mass index

N = 126

 

N = 235

 

N = 126

  

   Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2)

 

6 (5)

 

18 (8)

 

4 (3)

 

   Normal weight (18.5-25 kg/m2)

 

85 (68)

 

145 (62)

 

77 (61)

 

   Overweight (25-30 kg/m2)

 

25 (20)

 

59 (25)

 

30 (24)

 

   Obese (>30 kg/m2)

 

10 (8)

 

13 (6)

 

15 (12)

0.18

Haemoglobin level

N = 128

 

N = 236

 

N = 125

  

   Normal

 

62 (48)

 

90 (38)

 

72 (58)

 

   Normocytic anaemia

 

27 (21)

 

45 (19)

 

24 (19)

 

   Microcytic anaemia

 

39 (31)

 

101 (43)

 

29 (23)

0.002

Depression (ICD-10)

N = 131

 

N = 239

 

N = 129

  

Minor depression

 

0 (0)

 

5 (2)

 

5 (4)

0.03^

Major depression

 

2 (2)

 

3 (1)

 

3 (2)

0.61^

Malaria

N = 128

3 (2)

N = 236

5 (2)

N = 125

3 (2)

0.98^

Breast and urinary tract

       

Breast symptoms

N = 126

 

N = 237

 

N = 123

  

   Painful, swollen, hot or red breasts

 

6 (5)

 

15 (6)

 

7 (6)

0.92^

   Nipple sores or bloody discharge

 

5 (4)

 

6 (3)

 

1 (1)

0.13^

Breast examination

N = 125

 

N = 219

 

N = 114

  

   Cracked nipples

 

4 (3)

 

5 (2)

 

1 (1)

0.22

   Abscess or mastitis

 

2 (2)

 

4 (2)

 

2 (2)

0.99

Pain or burning on micturition

N = 126

13 (10)

N = 237

20 (8)

N = 123

16 (13)

0.28^

Urinary incontinence

N = 126

1 (1)

N = 237

4 (2)

N = 123

1 (1)

0.76^

Urine leukocytes

N = 121

 

N = 212

 

N = 113

  

   0

 

75 (62)

 

132 (62)

 

90 (80)

 

   1+

 

25 (21)

 

42 (20)

 

15 (13)

 

   2+ or 3+

 

21 (17)

 

38 (18)

 

8 (7)

0.014

Urine nitrites

N = 127

5 (4)

N = 219

11 (5)

N = 118

2 (2)

0.38^

Reproductive tract infection and cervical cytology

       

Symptoms of foul-smelling vaginal discharge

N = 126

13 (10)

N = 237

33 (14)

N = 123

18 (15)

0.32^

Abnormal vaginal discharge (examination)

N = 118

29 (25)

N = 220

53 (24)

N = 108

27 (25)

0.90^

Bacterial vaginosis

N = 119

37 (31)

N = 212

78 (37)

N = 116

26 (22)

0.02

Candida

N = 121

8 (7)

N = 217

14 (7)

N = 116

14 (12)

0.12^

Trichomonas vaginalis

N = 121

9 (7)

N = 217

18 (8)

N = 116

8 (7)

0.88^

Genital ulcer disease

N = 118

2 (2)

N = 220

1 (1)

N = 109

4 (4)

0.08^

Syphilis

N = 130

0 (0)

N = 237

3 (1)

N = 128

2 (2)

0.33^

Genital warts

N = 118

2 (2)

N = 220

5 (2)

N = 109

3 (3)

0.63^

Cervical cytology Ω

N = 97

 

N = 195

 

N = 103

  

Normal

 

76 (78)

 

178 (91)

 

100 (97)

 

Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance

 

8 (8)

 

9 (5)

 

1 (1)

 

Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

 

9 (9)

 

5 (3)

 

1 (1)

 

High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

 

4 (4)

 

3 (2)

 

1 (1)

0.002

  1. Ω 42 Pap smear slides were of unsatisfactory quality. chi-square test unless otherwise indicated; ^chi-square test for trend. Early period: 4 weeks to 2 months after childbirth; Middle period: 2 to 6 months after childbirth; Late period: 6 to 12 months after childbirth
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

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