From: Maternal risk factors for abnormal placental growth: The national collaborative perinatal project
 | Placental Growth | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Placental Restriction (< 10th percentile) | Placental Hypertrophy (> 90th percentile) | ||||
 | Weight (g) | Thickness (mm) | Chorionic Plate Area (cm2) | Weight (g) | Thickness (mm) | Chorionic Plate Area (cm2) |
Maternal age (per 5 years) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.02* (1.01, 1.03) | 0.99* (0.98, 0.99) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 1.04* (1.03, 1.05) |
AnnualFamily Income | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
< $5,000 vs ≥ $5,000 | 0.88 (0.80, 0.98) | 0.79* (0.71, 0.89) | 0.87 (0.79, 0.96) | 1.19* (1.08, 1.32) | 0.92 (0.83, 1.02) | 1.21* (1.07, 1.34) |
Maternal Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
< 12 yrs vs ≥ 12 yrs | 0.83* (0.76, 0.91) | 0.78* (0.71, 0.86) | 0.87* (0.80, 0.95) | 1.09 (0.99, 1.19) | 1.15 (1.04, 1.26) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.04) |
Maternal Race | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Black vs White | 1.66* (1.51, 1.82) | 3.22* (2.90, 3.58) | 1.36* (1.24, 1.49) | 0.57* (0.51, 0.63) | 0.70* (0.64, 0.77) | 0.80* (0.72, 0.89) |
Smoking Status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Light vs Non-smoker | 0.92 (0.84, 1.02) | 1.03 (0.93, 1.13) | 0.94 (0.86, 1.03) | 0.95 (0.85, 1.05) | 0.89 (0.81, 0.99) | 1.09 (0.98, 1.21) |
Heavy vs Non-smoker | 1.00 (0.89, 1.13) | 1.11 (0.98, 1.27) | 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) | 0.96 (0.85, 1.09) | 0.85 (0.75, 0.97) | 1.12 (0.98, 1.27) |
Parity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Parous vs Nulliparous | 0.89 (0.80, 0.98) | 0.98 (0.88, 1.10) | 1.06 (0.96, 1.17) | 1.25* (1.11, 1.40) | 1.32* (1.18, 1.48) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.23) |
Anemia | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes vs No | 0.67* (0.60, 0.74) | 1.00 (0.91, 1.56) | 0.80* (0.72, 0.89) | 1.50* (1.34, 1.67) | 1.18 (1.05, 1.32) | 1.45* (1.30, 1.63) |
Gestational Diabetes | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes vs No | 0.77 (0.51, 1.16) | 0.77 (0.51, 1.18) | 0.68 (0.45, 1.02) | 1.75* (1.33, 2.32) | 1.29 (0.94, 1.76) | 1.59* (1.18, 2.13) |
Hypertensive Disease | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes vs No | 1.98* (1.54, 2.55) | 1.19 (0.91, 1.56) | 1.86* (1.46, 2.37) | 0.62* (0.46, 0.84) | 0.69 (0.50, 0.95) | 0.89 (0.66, 1.19) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (per 1 kg/m2) | 0.91* (0.90, 0.92) | 0.98* (0.97, 0.99) | 0.93* (0.92, 0.95) | 1.10* (1.06, 1.08) | 1.05* (1.04, 1.06) | 1.04* (1.03, 1.05) |
Pregnancy Weight Gain (per 1 kg) | 0.93* (0.92, 0.94) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.96* (0.95, 0.97) | 1.07* (1.06, 1.08) | 1.03* (1.02, 1.04) | 1.05* (1.04, 1.06) |