Risk factors for pre-term birth in Iraq: a case-control study

Table 3 Distribution of study population according to other suspected risk factors.

Variables	Cases (no.)	Controls (no.)	OR	95% CI	P value
Parity
0–2	112	111	1.00	-	-
3	23	24	0.95	0.52–1.75	NS
4	22	24	0.91	0.49–1.68	NS
5+	43	41	1.06	0.65–1.72	NS
all categories	200	200	-	-	-
Risk variables of present pregnancy
cervical incompetence	47	18	3.11	1.73–5.58	<0.001
multiple pregnancy	19	3	6.89	2.00–23.69	<0.001
accidental hemorrhage	9	4	2.31	0.70–7.64	NS
genital tract infection	48	45	1.09	0.69–1.74	NS
Obstetric history
previous PTB	30	1	35.12	4.74–260.32	<0.001
abortion	3	1	3.03	0.31–29.38	NS
PPROM	14	10	1.43	0.62–3.30	NS
Medical disease
typhoid fever	16	7	2.40	0.97–5.97	NS
diabetes	2	1	2.01	0.18–22.35	NS
urinary tract infection	82	40	2.78	1.78–4.35	<0.001
Emotional disturbances
severe fright	67	63	1.10	0.72–1.67	NS
anxiety	87	60	1.80	1.19–2.72	<0. 01
antenatal visits due to pregnancy complications
0	25	30	1.00	-	-
1–3	65	95	0.53	0.35–0.80	<0.001
≥4	110	75	2.04	1.37–3.04	<0.001
cigarette smoking
smokers	4	5	0.80	0.21–3.02	NS
long travel and trauma to abdomen
history of long travel	61	65	0.91	0.60–1.39	NS
trauma to abdomen	45	14	3.86	2.04–7.30	<0.001

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