Table 1 Bivariate analysis of the factors associated with exclusive psychological violence
Exclusive psychological violence | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | n | % | PR* | 95 CI** | p*** | |
Level 1 | ||||||
Age range of the pregnant women (years) (n = 1.243) | 0.076 | |||||
25 or more | 696 | 38.7 | 1 | |||
20 to 24 | 393 | 45.0 | 1.16 | 1.01 | 1.34 | |
14 to 19 | 154 | 45.4 | 1.17 | 0.96 | 1.43 | |
Age range of the intimate partners (years, n = 1.001) | 0.268 | |||||
25 or more | 734 | 37.6 | 1 | |||
20 to 24 | 242 | 42.1 | 1.12 | 0.94 | 1.33 | |
14 to 19 | 25 | 48.0 | 1.28 | 0.84 | 1.94 | |
Skin color of the pregnant women (n = 1.181) | 0.024 | |||||
Crossbred | 794 | 39.1 | 1 | |||
Black | 195 | 43.0 | 1.10 | 0.92 | 1.32 | |
White | 171 | 46.7 | 1.19 | 0.99 | 1.43 | |
Yellow/Oriental | 21 | 61.9 | 1.58 | 1.12 | 2.23 | |
Schooling of the pregnant women (n = 1.243) | ||||||
Elementary | 148 | 39.1 | 1 | 0.157 | ||
Middle | 944 | 40.8 | 1.04 | 0.84 | 1.29 | |
Higher | 151 | 48.3 | 1.23 | 0.95 | 1.59 | |
Schooling of the residing intimate partner (n = 982) | 0.499 | |||||
Higher | 79 | 36.7 | 1 | |||
Middle | 728 | 37.7 | 1.03 | 0.76 | 1.39 | |
Elementary | 175 | 42.2 | 1.15 | 0.82 | 1.61 | |
Remunerated job of the pregnant women (n = 1.243) | 0.331 | |||||
No | 643 | 40.2 | 1 | |||
Yes | 600 | 43.0 | 0.94 | 0.82 | 1.07 | |
Family income in minimum wages (n = 1.209) | 0.094 | |||||
<1 | 45 | 35.5 | 1 | |||
1 to <3 | 687 | 39.3 | 1.10 | 0.74 | 1.66 | |
3 to <5 | 292 | 44.1 | 1.24 | 0.82 | 1.88 | |
≥5 | 185 | 48.1 | 1.35 | 0.89 | 2.06 | |
Brazilian economic class (n = 1.186) | 0.549 | |||||
C | 811 | 40.4 | 1 | |||
D/E | 178 | 43.2 | 1.07 | 0.89 | 1.29 | |
A/B | 197 | 44.1 | 1.09 | 0.91 | 1.30 | |
Who is the family head (n = 1.239) | 0.072 | |||||
Partner | 746 | 39.0 | 1 | |||
Pregnant woman | 129 | 44.1 | 1.13 | 0.91 | 1.40 | |
Others | 364 | 45.8 | 1.18 | 1.02 | 1.36 | |
Difference in schooling (n = 982) | 0.050 | |||||
Pregnant woman < residing intimate partner | 92 | 30.4 | 1 | |||
No difference | 684 | 37.7 | 1.24 | 0.89 | 1.71 | |
Pregnant woman > residing intimate partner | 206 | 44.6 | 1.47 | 1.04 | 2.07 | |
Difference in occupation (n = 992) | 0.923 | |||||
Pregnant woman < residing intimate partner | 197 | 38.0 | 1 | |||
No difference | 158 | 38.6 | 1.01 | 0.78 | 1.32 | |
Pregnant woman > residing intimate partner | 637 | 39.5 | 1.04 | 0.85 | 1.27 | |
Level 2 | ||||||
Material dimension of social support <75th percentile (n = 1,243) | 0.001 | |||||
No | 378 | 34.3 | 1 | |||
Yes | 865 | 44.7 | 1.30 | 1.11 | 1.52 | |
Positive affective/social interaction dimension of social support <75th percentile (n = 1.243) | <0.001 | |||||
No | 351 | 31.9 | 1 | |||
Yes | 892 | 45.4 | 1.42 | 1.20 | 1.68 | |
Emotional dimension/information of social support <75th percentile (n = 1.243) | 0.001 | |||||
No | 337 | 32.9 | 1 | |||
Yes | 906 | 44.8 | 1.36 | 1.14 | 1.61 | |
Level 3 | ||||||
Smoking during pregnancy (n = 1,243) | 0.009 | |||||
No | 1204 | 41.0 | 1 | |||
Yes | 39 | 58.9 | 1.43 | 1.09 | 1.88 | |
Use of illicit drugs up to 3 months before the current pregnancy (n = 1,240) | 0.003 | |||||
No | 1224 | 41.3 | 1 | |||
Yes | 16 | 68.7 | 1.66 | 1.19 | 2.33 | |
Alcohol abuse by the woman during pregnancy (n = 1,241) | 0.013 | |||||
No | 1129 | 40.5 | 1 | |||
Yes | 112 | 51.7 | 1.28 | 1.05 | 1.55 | |
Number of sex partners (n = 1.231) | 0.001 | |||||
1 | 370 | 36.7 | 1 | |||
2 to 5 | 734 | 41.2 | 1.12 | 0.96 | 1.32 | |
6 or more | 127 | 55.1 | 1.50 | 1.22 | 1.84 | |