Table 7 Maternal education related perinatal status and complications

All births^a

4,396 (7.8)

5,943 (10.6)

39,702 (70.5)

6,249 (11.1)

Males

2,319 (53.4)

3,056 (51.9)

21,318 (53.9)

3,388 (54.4)

0.017

Gestational age (weeks)

39.5±1.4

39.6±1.5

39.7±1.5

39.6±1.7

<0.001

Birthweight (g)

3,462±472

3,447±485

3,446±485

3,402±524

<0.001

Preterm birth rate

157 (3.6)

248 (4.2)

1,254 (3.2)

307 (5.0)

<0.001

Low birthweight

108 (2.5)

163 (2.8)

996 (2.5)

240 (3.8)

<0.001

Multi-births

86 (2.0)

93 (1.6)

673 (1.7)

130 (2.1)

0.073

Congenital anomalies

21 (0.5)

34 (0.6)

190 (0.5)

47 (0.8)

0.041

Cesarean section

2,609 (59.6)

3,242 (54.7)

20,657 (52.1)

3,093 (49.6)

<0.001

Pregnancy complications

634 (14.6)

715 (12.1)

3,310 (8.4)

616 (9.9)

<0.001

Pregnant hypertension

72 (1.6)

104 (1.7)

594 (1.5)

157 (2.5)

<0.001

PROM

432 (9.8)

427 (7.2)

1,827 (4.6)

258 (4.1)

<0.001

Pregnant anemia

44 (1.0)

92 (1.5)

420 (1.1)

93 (1.5)

<0.001

Maternal age (years)

26.8±3.0

25.5±4.3

25.3±4.9

28.9±7.0

<0.001

Delayed childbearing

106 (2.4)

295 (5.0)

2,713 (6.9)

1,590 (25.5)

<0.001

Amniotic fluid volume

0.259

Normal

3,856 (92.1)

5,395 (93.5)

36,223 (92.9)

5,665 (92.6)

Polyhydramnios

31 (0.7)

34 (0.6)

283 (0.7)

47 (0.8)

Oligohydramnios

298 (7.1)

344 (6.0)

2,492 (6.4)

406 (6.6)

Amniotic contamination

<0.001

Normal

3,750 (87.5)

5,083 (86.7)

33,942 (86.1)

5,283 (85.1)

Grade I

170 (4.0)

253 (4.3)

2,154 (5.5)

372 (6.0)

Grade II

150 (3.5)

247 (4.2)

1,816 (4.6)

303 (4.9)

Grade III

218 (5.1)

283 (4.8)

1,518 (3.8)

250 (4.0)

1-min Apgar ≤7

219 (5.0)

195 (3.3)

1,413 (3.6)

269 (4.3)

<0.001

1-min Apgar ≤3

16 (0.4)

26 (0.4)

207 (0.5)

68 (1.1)

<0.001

5-min Apgar ≤7

44 (1.0)

37 (0.6)

308 (0.8)

92 (1.5)

<0.001

5-min Apgar ≤3

8 (0.2)

16 (0.3)

145 (0.4)

49 (0.8)

<0.001

Deaths^b

8 (0.2)

17 (0.3)

155 (0.4)

55 (0.9)

<0.001