| | |
Pregnancy in prison (ii)
|
|---|
| | |
Birth in prison
|
Birth outside prison
| |
Prison controls (iii)
|
Community controls (iv)
|
|---|
| | |
n
|
%
|
n
|
%
|
P value (v)
|
n
|
%
|
P value (v)
|
n
|
%
|
P value (v)
|
|---|
|
Onset of labour
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
Spontaneous
|
64
|
64.6
|
156
|
77.6
|
0.5
|
866
|
71.0
|
0.5
|
24064
|
61.5
|
<0.0001
|
| |
Induced
|
22
|
22.2
|
28
|
13.9
|
232
|
19.0
|
10116
|
25.9
|
| |
No labour
|
13
|
13.1
|
17
|
8.5
|
122
|
10.0
|
4924
|
12.6
|
| |
Missing/not stated
|
0
| |
0
| | |
0
| | |
8
|
0.0
| |
| |
Total
|
99
|
100.0
|
201
|
100.0
| |
1220
|
100.0
| |
39112
|
100.0
| |
|
Presentation at birth
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
Vertex
|
88
|
88.9
|
180
|
89.6
|
0.06
|
1118
|
91.6
|
0.9
|
35533
|
90.8
|
0.21
|
| |
Non-vertex
|
10
|
10.1
|
8
|
4.0
|
64
|
5.2
|
1581
|
4.0
|
| |
Missing/not stated
|
1
|
1.0
|
13
|
6.5
| |
38
|
3.1
| |
1998
|
5.1
| |
| |
Total
|
99
|
100.0
|
201
|
100.0
| |
1220
|
100.0
| |
39112
|
100.0
| |
|
Method of birth
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
Normal vaginal
|
66
|
66.7
|
162
|
80.6
|
0.10
|
897
|
73.5
|
0.8
|
23669
|
60.5
|
<0.0001
|
| |
Instrumental vaginal
|
2
|
2.0
|
11
|
5.5
|
67
|
5.5
|
5126
|
13.1
|
| |
Caesarean section
|
28
|
28.3
|
25
|
12.4
|
243
|
19.9
|
10191
|
26.1
|
| |
Missing/not stated
|
3
|
3.0
|
3
|
1.5
| |
13
|
1.1
| |
126
|
0.3
| |
| |
Total
|
99
|
100.0
|
201
|
100.0
| |
1220
|
100.0
| |
39112
|
100.0
| |
- (i) For each group, live born singleton births and first births during the study period (index births) only.
- (ii) Births to women who were incarcerated for a minimum of five consecutive days during this pregnancy.
- (iii) Births to women were not incarcerated during this pregnancy, but were incarcerated at another time during the study period.
- (iv) A random 10% sample of births to women who were not incarcerated at all during the study period.
- (v) Chi-square tests were used to test for differences between study and control groups in labour and delivery outcomes.
