Table 1 Demographics and delivery characteristics among singleton births according to caesarean section (CS) and parity during 2000–2010 in Finland
Characteristic | Nulliparous, n = 259,736 | pvalue* | Multiparous, n = 360,727 | pvalue* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CS, n = 51,511 (19.8%) | Vaginal birth, n = 208,225 | CS, n = 47,271 (13.1%) | Vaginal birth, n = 313,456 | |||
Planned CS, n (% of CSs) | 15,420 (29.9) | NA | 26,987 (57.1) | NA | ||
Non-planned CS, n (% of CSs) | 36,091 (70.1) | NA | 20,284 (42.9) | NA | ||
Mean number of prior births (SD) | NA | NA | 1.7 (1.3) | 1.8 (1.5) | ≤ 0.001 | |
Mean maternal age, years (SD) | 29.0 (5.5) | 27.0 (5.1) | ≤ 0.001 | 32.4 (5.1) | 30.8 (5.0) | ≤ 0.001 |
Maternal age, years % | ≤ 0.001 | ≤ 0.001 | ||||
< 20 | 3.5 | 6.6 | 0.2 | 0.4 | ||
20-29 | 51.6 | 63.4 | 28.8 | 40.5 | ||
30-39 | 41.4 | 28.8 | 62.8 | 54.6 | ||
40 or more | 3.5 | 1.2 | 8.2 | 4.5 | ||
Mean gestational age, weeks (SD) | 39.4 (2.4) | 39.9 (1.7) | ≤ 0.001 | 38.8 (2.3) | 39.9 (1.6) | ≤ 0.001 |
Mean birth weight, g (SD) | 3398 (710) | 3439 (500) | ≤ 0.001 | 3492 (720) | 3524 (509) | ≤ 0.001 |
Birth weight, g% | ≤ 0.001 | ≤ 0.001 | ||||
< 3000 | 22.3 | 16.0 | 18.1 | 9.1 | ||
3000-3499 | 29.8 | 37.9 | 28.2 | 29.1 | ||
3500-3999 | 30.0 | 34.4 | 31.6 | 39.7 | ||
4000 or more | 17.9 | 11.7 | 22.1 | 22.1 | ||
Male fetal sex % | 53.8 | 50.6 | ≤ 0.001 | 52.4 | 51.0 | ≤ 0.001 |
Smoking status % | ≤ 0.001 | ≤ 0.001 | ||||
Non-smoking | 80.9 | 80.3 | 82.8 | 84.2 | ||
Quit smoking during 1st trimester | 5.0 | 5.2 | 2.5 | 2.3 | ||
Smoking after 1st trimester | 11.7 | 12.6 | 11.0 | 10.6 | ||
Missing information | 2.4 | 2.0 | 3.7 | 2.9 | ||
Married or living with a partner % | 91.3 | 90.5 | ≤ 0.001 | 95.0 | 95.2 | 0.07 |
Socioeconomic status % | ≤ 0.001 | ≤ 0.001 | ||||
Upper white-collar workers | 8.9 | 7.8 | 8.8 | 8.5 | ||
Lower white-collar workers | 34.2 | 31.3 | 38.6 | 36.3 | ||
Blue-collar workers | 13.9 | 13.7 | 15.5 | 15.0 | ||
Othersa | 24.2 | 27.7 | 21.7 | 25.0 | ||
Missing information | 18.8 | 19.5 | 15.4 | 15.2 | ||
Mean body mass index (SD) | 24.8 (5.0) | 23.5 (4.3) | ≤ 0.001 | 25.9 (5.5) | 24.4 (4.7) | ≤ 0.001 |
Induction % | 19.1 | 16.2 | ≤ 0.001 | 9.1 | 17.1 | ≤ 0.001 |
Preeclampsia % | 3.3 | 0.3 | ≤ 0.001 | 4.3 | 1.1 | ≤ 0.001 |
Gestational diabetes % | 11.3 | 6.7 | ≤ 0.001 | 19.7 | 12.1 | ≤ 0.001 |
Maternal diabetes mellitus % | 9.1 | 4.7 | ≤ 0.001 | 15.7 | 8.9 | ≤ 0.001 |
In vitro fertilization (IVF) % | 3.4 | 1.9 | ≤ 0.001 | 1.5 | 0.7 | ≤ 0.001 |
Placental abruption % | 83.5 | 16.5 | ≤ 0.001 | 78.0 | 22.0 | ≤ 0.001 |
Placenta previa % | 78.2 | 21.8 | ≤ 0.001 | 81.4 | 18.6 | ≤ 0.001 |
Fear of childbirth % | 6.5 | 2.0 | ≤ 0.001 | 15.3 | 4.1 | ≤ 0.001 |
Prior terminations % | 12.3 | 11.1 | ≤ 0.001 | 14.9 | 13.3 | ≤ 0.001 |
Prior miscarriages % | 15.2 | 12.2 | ≤ 0.001 | 29.3 | 26.0 | ≤ 0.001 |
Prior caesarean section % | NA | NA | 64.3 | 11.1 | ≤ 0.001 | |
Time period % | 0.18 | ≤ 0.001 | ||||
2000-2003 | 19.7 | 80.3 | 13.3 | 86.7 | ||
2004-2007 | 19.8 | 80.2 | 13.2 | 86.8 | ||
2008-2010 | 20.0 | 80.0 | 12.7 | 87.3 | ||