Table 3 Distribution (%) of covariates across prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) categories*
| Â | Prepregnancy BMI | Recommended GWG | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Under-weight | Normal weight | Over-weight | Obese | Below | Within | Above |
Percent of study sample | 5.9 | 60.0 | 20.9 | 13.3 | 18.1 | 33.1 | 48.8 |
Reproductive/health care factors | |||||||
Maternal age at birth** | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
≤24 | 27.3 | 14.7 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 14.5 | 11.9 | 17.5 |
25-29 | 29.4 | 33.8 | 34.8 | 38.0 | 32.0 | 33.8 | 35.5 |
30-34 | 30.2 | 33.3 | 34.3 | 32.8 | 32.3 | 35.9 | 31.8 |
≥35 | 13.2 | 18.2 | 17.4 | 15.0 | 21.2 | 18.3 | 15.2 |
Nulliparous | 50.3 | 47.5 | 37.8 | 40.6 | 39.6 | 41.2 | 49.0 |
Birthweight-for-gestational age†|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SGA | 17.0 | 8.2 | 7.4 | 6.2 | 13.6 | 8.6 | 6.1 |
AGA | 78.2 | 85.2 | 78.4 | 77.0 | 81.0 | 81.6 | 79.5 |
LGA | 4.7 | 9.6 | 14.2 | 16.8 | 5.4 | 9.8 | 14.4 |
Health care provider started labour‡ | 36.6 | 42.5 | 47.6 | 58.9 | 41.1 | 41.6 | 49.3 |
Prepregnancy health problems | 14.1 | 12.7 | 16.7 | 19.3 | 15.2 | 14.3 | 14.3 |
During pregnancy health problems | 17.3 | 22.3 | 23.2 | 32.7 | 27.1 | 22.2 | 23.0 |
Antenatal care provider | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Obstetrician/ gynaecologist | 59.0 | 58.6 | 56.6 | 60.2 | 61.1 | 58.9 | 57.1 |
General practitioner | 36.0 | 34.2 | 36.5 | 35.7 | 33.1 | 34.4 | 36.0 |
Midwife/nurse | 5.0 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 4.2 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 6.9 |
Sociodemographic factors | |||||||
Low-income-cut-off | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
≤LICO | 29.7 | 15.8 | 18.5 | 21.0 | 19.8 | 16.3 | 18.2 |
>LICO | 57.6 | 76.3 | 73.6 | 72.3 | 72.5 | 75.5 | 73.8 |
Missing | 12.7 | 7.9 | 7.9 | 6.7 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 8.0 |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Less than high school | 14.4 | 5.5 | 6.6 | 8.2 | 6.5 | 4.5 | 8.1 |
High school graduate | 21.7 | 17.5 | 20.6 | 24.6 | 18.3 | 19.0 | 20.0 |
Post-secondary diploma | 31.8 | 36.2 | 39.3 | 43.2 | 37.6 | 35.7 | 38.8 |
University graduate | 32.1 | 40.8 | 33.4 | 24.0 | 37.6 | 40.9 | 33.2 |
Region/province | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Atlantic | 3.4 | 4.8 | 7.2 | 9.2 | 3.9 | 5.4 | 6.7 |
Quebec | 25.6 | 24.8 | 25.3 | 20.5 | 24.4 | 26.2 | 23.1 |
Ontario | 40.7 | 38.7 | 34.5 | 40.3 | 39.1 | 37.8 | 38.0 |
Prairies | 17.6 | 18.0 | 22.0 | 20.3 | 18.6 | 18.0 | 20.0 |
British Columbia | 12.6 | 13.4 | 10.5 | 9.12 | 13.5 | 12.1 | 11.7 |
Territories | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Urban residence | 87.2 | 82.5 | 80.4 | 79.6 | 84.9 | 82.3 | 80.7 |
Ethnicity (country of birth) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Canada/Aboriginal off-reserve | 2.4 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 6.1 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 5.3 |
Canada/non-Aboriginal | 57.2 | 71.0 | 77.7 | 78.8 | 65.5 | 72.5 | 75.4 |
Europe/Western | 4.7 | 7.1 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 5.9 |
Africa/Mid East/Latin | 10.6 | 7.3 | 7.7 | 5.1 | 10.2 | 7.9 | 5.8 |
East/South Asia/Pacific | 25.2 | 11.2 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 15.5 | 11.1 | 7.6 |
Married††| 84.2 | 93.1 | 93.0 | 89.2 | 92.3 | 93.9 | 90.6 |
Psychosocial factors | |||||||
No/some social support | 12.6 | 12.3 | 12.8 | 14.5 | 14.0 | 12.6 | 12.3 |
3+ stressful events | 22.3 | 15.2 | 16.3 | 21.4 | 15.0 | 15.3 | 18.2 |
History of depression | 14.6 | 13.4 | 16.4 | 22.5 | 15.0 | 13.7 | 16.5 |
Smoked 3rd trimester | 15.0 | 9.1 | 10.2 | 12.2 | 10.4 | 8.2 | 11.2 |
Drank alcohol in pregnancy | 8.2 | 12.4 | 10.1 | 8.0 | 10.4 | 12.4 | 10.5 |