|
Dykes & Williams 1999 UK [34]
|
Longitudinal, phenomenological study
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Northern England,
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- Explore women’s experience of expressing particularly perception of adequacy of milk supply
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- Beliefs re. adequacy of breast milk supply influenced by interplay of feeding management, infant behaviour, lactation physiology and maternal mental health.
|
Small mono-cultural group
|
|
n = 10
| | | |
|
1998
| | | |
|
Postnatal primiparas recruited face-to-face in hospital, home visits at 6, 8 &12 weeks
| | | |
|
Binns et al. 2006 Australia [2]
|
Longitudinal cohort
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Perth, Western Australia
|
- Explore determinants of breastfeeding
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- Early breastfeeding difficulties,
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Comparison of similar groups 10 years apart
|
|
PIFS I n = 556
|
- Measure and compare prevalence in expressing
|
- Engorgement, sore nipples, mastitis
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Mainly women who expressed to manage breastfeeding difficulties
|
|
1992–93
| |
- Feed to be given by someone else
|
Public patients only, perhaps not representative
|
|
PIFS II n = 587
| |
- To store extra milk
| |
|
2002–03
| |
- Father to feed
| |
|
Recruited in hospital in early post-partum period.
| |
- To increase supply
| |
| | |
- Feeding/attachment problems
| |
| | |
- To get baby to drink from a bottle
| |
| | |
- Just to try it out
| |
|
Labiner-Wolfe et al. 2008 USA [3]
|
Longitudinal cohort
|
National study
|
- Reasons why women express
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- to allow someone else to feed
|
Large sample
|
|
n = 3606
|
- Amount and prevalence of milk expression
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- maternal employment
|
Not nationally representative Participants older, more likely to be educated, white, employed, higher income
|
|
2005–2007
|
- Associated socio-demographic factors
|
- to have an emergency milk supply
| |
|
from IFPS II
| |
- no previous breastfeeding experience
| |
| | |
- geographic location (Midwest Vs. West)
| |
| | |
- embarrassed to breastfeed in public
| |
|
Buckley 2009 USA [33]
|
Focus groups
|
Washington, DC
|
- Ascertain lactation consultant’s beliefs and experiences re. impact of breast pumps on breastfeeding practice
|
- Technological birth contributes to technological breastfeeding
|
Exploration of professional attitudes to change in feeding practice -no previous exploration of this area
|
|
n = 12
| |
- Engorgement, plugged ducts, to increase supply, to stimulate the let-down reflex, to pull out inverted nipples.
|
Small sample size
|
|
Lactation consultants
| |
- Return to work
|
Volunteer participants
|
|
Purposeful sampling
| |
- Measuring milk, diminished confidence in ability to provide enough milk
|
Date of study not indicated
|
|
Clemons & Amir 2010 Australia [5]
|
Cross-sectional
|
State-wide study, Victoria
|
- Prevalence of breast milk expression
|
- Premature baby/sick mother or baby
|
Large study
|
|
n = 903
|
- Demographic characteristics of women who express, why and how they do it
|
- Attachment problems/not drinking well
|
Possible selection bias (members of ABA)
|
|
2008
|
- Women’s experience of using breast pumps
|
- Advised
|
Timing of questionnaire, possible recall bias
|
|
Online questionnaire sent to Australian Breastfeeding Association (ABA) members who had an email address
|
- Not enough milk/To store extra milk
| |
|
- Nipple pain
| |
|
- Engorged breasts/mastitis
| |
|
- So someone else can feed baby
| |
|
- Maternal work
| |
|
- Just to try it out
| |
|
- To allow mother to drink alcohol
| |
| |
- Uncomfortable breastfeeding in public
| |
|
Geraghty et al. 2012 USA [29]
|
Prospective longitudinal cohort
|
Cincinnati
|
- Duration of breast milk feeding
|
- Planned return to work by 6 months
|
Prospective design
|
|
n = 60
|
- Describe who commences expressing early
| |
Small study
|
|
2004–2007
| | |
Recruitment of women who planned to breastfeed for 6 months or more
|
|
recruited face to face
| | |
Mothers recruited for study knew they were going to be assisted to pump and may have been more likely to be comfortable with this.
|
| | | | | |
Possible introduction of bias as weekly collection of breast milk was initiated at 1 week by research nurse using an electric breast pump
|
