Table 2 Selected demographics, maternal obstetric history and maternal and perinatal outcomes among Australian-born and non-Australian-born women, N=691,738

Maternal age (mean SD)

29.8 (5.59)

31.4 (5.38)

<0.0001

Teenage pregnancy

5.1%

1.6%

<0.0001

Pregnancy ≥35 years

17.8%

26.2%

<0.0001

Primiparous

41.2%

42.9%

<0.0001

Smoking

18.3%

6.1%

<0.0001

Birth in private hospital

26.0%

17.7%

<0.0001

Hypertensive Disease of Pregnancy

6.0%

4.7%

<0.0001

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

3.1%

7.5%

<0.0001

Gestation at delivery (mean SD)

39.1 (2.07)

39.09 (2.05)

<0.001

Spontaneous labour

68.6%

75.7%

<0.0001

Pre-term birth (<37 weeks)

6.0%

5.5%

<0.001

Normal vaginal delivery

63.3%

63.1%

<0.001

Assisted vaginal delivery

10.1%

11.7%

<0.0001

Caesarean section (elective)

15.2%

14.0%

<0.0001

Caesarean section (emergency)

11.3%

11.7%

<0.0001

Stillbirth Rate/1 000 births

5.2/1 000

5.3/1 000

0.08

Neonatal death Rate/1 000 livebirths

1.9/1000

2.0/1 000

0.23

Epidural usage

27.0%

25.2%

<0.0001

No pain relief for labour

8.1%

8.5%

<0.0001

Episiotomy#

14.3%

18.4%

<0.0001

Severe perineal trauma (all women)#

1.6%

1.5%

0.44

Severe perineal trauma (primips only)#

1.6%

1.6%

0.54

Birth weight (mean SD)

3423 (580.9)

3347 (560.6)

<0.0001

Birth weight <10th centile

9.4%

11.9%

<0.0001

Birth weight <3rd centile

2.8%

3.5%

<0.0001

5 minute Apgar <7

2.0%

2.0%

0.94