From: Amniotic fluid embolism incidence, risk factors and outcomes: a review and recommendations
 | Australia (NSW) | Canada | Netherlands | UK | US |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delivery | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Mode of delivery | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
(baseline group normal vaginal delivery) | caesarean section After labour RR 48.5 (6.1-380) Without labour RR 8.1 (0.7-89) | caesarean section Cephalic aOR 12.5 (7.9-19.9) Non-cephalic aOR 8.6 (4.3-17.4) | caesarean section RR 2.2 (0.5-11.1) | Cases occurring post delivery only caesarean section aOR≈ 20.3 (4.3-95.3) | caesarean section aOR 5.7 (3.7-8.7) |
 | instrumental RR 36.0 (4.4-300) | Forceps aOR 5.9 (3.4-10.3) Vacuum aOR 2.9 (1.6-5.3) | Vacuum RR 1.5 (0.2-12.3) | Forceps or vacuum aOR≈ 11.6 (1.7-79.8) | Forceps aOR 4.3 (1.9-7.6) Vacuum aOR 1.9 (1.0-3.7) |
 | vaginal breech birth RR 151 (9.4-2400) |  |  | All cases Caesarean section aOR¥ 23.3 (7.8-69.7) Forceps or vacumm aOR¥ 8.9 (2.0-39.5) |  |
Manual removal of placenta (vaginal births) | RR 19.4 (3.9-96) | * | * | * | * |
Macrosomia | * | aOR 1.6 (0.9-3.0) | * | OR 2.4 (0.7-8.1) | * |
Gestational age | < 37 weeks RR 1.9 (0.4-8.6) 37-40 weeks 1.0 (referent) ≥ 41 weeks RR 1.7 (0.6-4.8) | > 42 weeks aOR 1.4 (0.9-2.3) | < 37 weeks RR 9.7 (2.3-40.8) > 42 weeks RR 3.2 (0.4-25.8) | ≥ 41 weeks aOR≠0.4 (0.2-1) | * |