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Table 6 Relationships between lymphocyte subset percentages in cord blood of newborns and air pollution exposure according to the window of exposure

From: Maternal exposure to air pollution before and during pregnancy related to changes in newborn's cord blood lymphocyte subpopulations. The EDEN study cohort

 

CD3+

CD8+

CD4+/CD8+

CD4+CD25+

CD19+

Log(NK)

n = 370

β (95% CI) §

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95% CI)

β (95%CI)

Air pollutant* and window of exposure

     

3 months before pregnancy

     

NO2

-0.27 (-1.45; 0.90)

0.47 (-0.20; 1.13)

-0.07 (-0.23; 0.09)

0.03 (-0.30; 0.24)

2.50 (-0.37; 0.87)

0.05 (-0.03; 0.12)

PM10

-1.32 (-3.97; 1.33)

1.52 (0.05; 2.99) ‡

-0.23 (-0.57; 0.04) †

-0.82 (-1.45; -0.19) ‡

-0.20 (-1.88; 1.51)

0.14 (-0.05; 0.55)

During pregnancy

     

NO2 in 1st trimester

0.19 (-0.96; 1.34)

0.63 (-0.01; 1.27) †

-0.07 (-0.22; 0.08)

-0.14 (-0.40; 0.12)

-0.09 (-0.66; 0.48)

0.03 (-0.05; 0.13)

NO2 in 2nd trimester

0.49 (-0.84; 1.82)

0.68 (-0.02; 1.44) †

-0.002 (-0.17; 0.17)

-0.08 (-0.38; 0.22)

-0.27 (-0.92; 0.38)

0.02 (-0.07; 0.12)

NO2 in 3rd trimester

0.03 (-1.30; 1.35)

0.55 (-0.20; 1.30)

-0.02 (-0.19; 0.15)

-0.17 (-0.47; 0.12)

0.11 (-0.51; 0.73)

0.09 (0.01; 0.17) ‡

PM10 in 1st trimester

-3.10 (-6.02; -0.18) ‡

0.85 (-0.77; 2.49)

-0.17 (-0.55; 0.21)

-0.71 (-1.37; -0.05) ‡

0.33 (-1.35; 2.01)

0.22 (0.008; 0.43) ‡

PM10 in 2nd trimester

0.31 (-2.96; 3.57)

0.22 (-1.53; 1.97)

-0.05 (-0.55; 0.20)

-0.88 (-1.60; -0.17) ‡

-0.63 (-2.29; 1.02)

-0.10 (-0.33; 0.13)

PM10 in 3rd trimester

0.56 (-1.90; 3.01)

1.09 (-0.26; 2.44)

-0.06 (-0.26; 0.31)

-0.59 (-1.15; -0.04) ‡

0.35 (-0.84; 1.53)

0.05 (-0.12; 0.24)

  1. * Continuous variables.
  2. † 0.05 < p < 0.09.
  3. ‡ p < 0.05.
  4. § β (95% CI): adjusted regression coefficient and 95% confidence interval for mother's age and body mass index, maternal history of allergy, active and passive smoking (data questionnaires), perinatal infections, mode of delivery, newborn's sex and weight, gestational age at birth and season of birth (data from postnatal questionnaire). β corresponds to the change in lymphocyte percentages (log-transformed for natural killer cells) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 or NO2.