Childbirth experience questionnaire (CEQ): development and evaluation of a multidimensional instrument

Table 4 Disciminant validity: differences in subscale scores between groups.

	Own capacity	Professional support	Perceived safety	Participation
Labour duration ≤ 12 hours, n = 684	2.68 (0.57)	3.73 (0.47)	3.37 (0.55)	3.61 (0.54)
Labour duration > 12 hours, n = 236	2.40 (0.60)	3.59 (0.63)	3.13 (0.64)	3.51 (0.55)
Unadjusted p-value ^#	< 0.001	0.008	< 0.001	0.004
Holm-Bonferroni adjusted p-value ^§#	0.0125	0.05	0.017	0.025
Effect size ^#	0.47	0.27	0.42	0.19
No oxytocin augmentation, n = 303	2.88 (0.53)	3.75 (0.44)	3.53 (0.47)	3.69 (0.47)
Oxytocin augmentation during labour, n = 617	2.48 (0.58)	3.67 (0.55)	3.20 (0.60)	3.53 (0.57)
Unadjusted p-value ^¤	< 0.001	0.037	< 0.001	< 0.001
Holm-Bonferroni adjusted p-value ^§¤	0.0125	0.05	0.017	0.025
Effect size ^¤	0.67	0.16	0.57	0.29
Spontaneous vaginal delivery, n = 764	2.67 (0.57)	3.72 (0.47)	3.37 (0.55)	3.63 (0.52)
Operative delivery ^∂, n = 156	2.25 (0.58)	3.55 (0.69)	3.00 (0.65)	3.33 (0.64)
Unadjusted p-value ^¥	< 0.001	0.022	< 0.001	< 0.001
Holm-Bonferroni adjusted p-value ^§¥	0.0125	0.05	0.017	0.025
Effect size ^¥	0.72	0.34	0.63	0.54

Data are given as mean (SD). Mann-Whitney U-test is used to compute p-values and Holm-Bonferroni correction was used.
^# Labour duration ≤ 12 vs > 12 hours.
^§ p-value for significance.
^¤ Oxytocin augmentation during labour vs no augmentation.
^∂ Caesarean and instrumental vaginal births.
^¥ Spontaneous vaginal vs Operative birth.

ISSN: 1471-2393