The relationship between water intake and foetal growth and preterm delivery in a prospective cohort study

Table 3 Small-for-gestational-age results^a for daily bottled, cold tap, total tap, and total water intake

	Follow-up data			Average of baseline and follow-up data
Exposure	n (%)	Unadjusted RR (95% CI)	Adjusted RR (95% CI)^b	Adjusted RR (95% CI)^b
Bottled water
None	448 (26%)	1	1	1
Any	1258 (74%)	1.1 (0.7, 1.7)	0.9 (0.5, 1.4)	1.4 (0.6, 3.0)
Cold tap water (ounces)^c
0-27	403 (24%)	1	1	1
> 27-53	439 (26%)	0.9 (0.5, 1.5)	1.2 (0.6, 2.3)	1.1 (0.6, 2.2)
> 53-91	429 (25%)	0.9 (0.5, 1.6)	1.3 (0.7, 2.4)	1.4 (0.7, 2.6)
> 91	439 (26%)	0.7 (0.4, 1.2)	0.9 (0.5, 1.9)	1.1 (0.5, 2.1)
Per 20 ounce		1.0 (0.9, 1.0)	1.0 (0.9, 1.1)	1.0 (0.9, 1.1)
Total tap water (ounces)^c
0-30	423 (25%)	1	1	1
> 30-61	426 (25%)	0.7 (0.4, 1.3)	0.9 (0.5, 1.7)	1.2 (0.6, 2.2)
> 61-96	476 (28%)	0.7 (0.4, 1.2)	0.8 (0.5, 1.6)	1.3 (0.7, 2.6)
> 96	380 (22%)	0.7 (0.4, 1.2)	0.9 (0.5, 1.9)	1.1 (0.6, 2.2)
Per 20 ounce		1.0 (0.9, 1.1)	1.0 (0.9, 1.1)	1.0 (0.9, 1.1)
Total water (ounces) ^c
0-51	434 (25%)	1	1	1
> 51-78	418 (25%)	0.7 (0.4, 1.2)	0.8 (0.4, 1.4)	0.9 (0.5, 1.6)
> 78-114	424 (25%)	0.6 (0.3, 1.0)	0.6 (0.3, 1.0)	0.5 (0.2, 1.0)
> 114	427 (25%)	0.8 (0.5, 1.4)	0.9 (0.5, 1.6)	1.0 (0.6, 1.8)
Per 20 ounce		1.0 (0.9, 1.1)	1.0 (0.9, 1.1)	1.0 (0.9, 1.1)

^aTerm SGA models restricted to infants born to non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, or Hispanic women
^bAdjusted for race, education level, annual household income, smoking, pre-pregnancy BMI, vitamin use, parity, employed during last 4 months, infant gender, and study site
^cCategorical exposure cutpoints for average data results were slightly higher than the follow-up data
BMI= body mass index; RR= risk ratio

ISSN: 1471-2393