Table 1 Risk of bias of RCT and non-RCT studies included in the systematic review

Adler et al., (2004) [52]

RCT

Low

Low

Low

Low

Low

High ^a

Calvert et al., (2021) [53]

RCT

High

Low

Low

Low

Low

High ^a

Item 1

Item 2

Item 3

Item 4

Item 5

Item 6

Item 7

Item 8

Item 9

Item 10

Item 11

Item 12

Valoup-Fellous et al., (2009)

Non-RCT

2

1

0

2

0

2

2

0

NA

NA

NA

1

Low ^b

Picone et al., (2009) [50]

Non-RCT

2

2

0

2

0

2

2

0

NA

NA

NA

2

Low ^b

Reichman et al., (2014) [48]

Non-RCT

2

2

0

0

0

2

2

0

NA

NA

NA

2

Low ^b

Revello et al., (2015) [49]

Non-RCT

2

2

0

2

0

2

1

1

2

2

1

2

Low ^b