Characteristic | DM | mGDM | sGDM |
---|---|---|---|
(n = 53) | (n = 198) | (n = 132) | |
Age (year) | 30.32 ± 4.62 | 30.83 ± 4 | 31 ± 4.76 |
Family history (%) | 26.4 | 11.6a | 18.2 |
History of spontaneous abortion (%) | 15.1 | 14.6 | 15.2 |
History of stillbirth (%) | 9.4 | 1.5a | 4.5 |
Chronic hypertension (%) | 5.7 | 1 | 0.8 |
OGTT 0 h (mmol/L)† | 8.5 (7.03-10.42) | 5.28 (4.88-5.62)ab | 7.53 (6.46-9.16) |
OGTT 1 h (mmol/L)‡ | 15.17 ± 1.63 | 10.64 ± 1.57ab | 13.35 ± 2.87 |
OGTT 2 h (mmol/L)§ | 15.33 ± 3.13 | 9.12 ± 1.06ab | 14.13 ± 3.66 |
Maternal weight before delivery (kg)¶ | 75 (65.23-89.63) | 74 (66.62-80) | 73.75 (63–83.5) |
Neonatal weight (kg)|| | 3.49 ± 0.75 | 3.41 ± 0.46 | 3.46 ± 0.60 |
Cesarean rate (%) | 88.7 | 92.9 | 85.6 |
Time of delivery (day) | 264 (250.5-270) | 268 (263–274)ab | 263.5 (252.25-272) |
Antenatal random glycemia (mmol/L)†† | 7.67 (5.5-10.22) | 5.61 (4.75-6.7)ab | 7.31 (5.17-9.63) |
Ketoacidosis (%) | 0 | 0 | 1.5 |
PIH (%) | 18.9 | 9.1b | 27.3 |
Preeclampsia (%) | 15.1 | 5.6b | 16.7 |
Premature rupture of membranes (%) | 17 | 6.1 | 8.3 |
Fetal distress (%) | 13.2 | 4 | 7.6 |
Polyhydramnios (%) | 7.5 | 2 | 2.3 |
Oligohydramnios (%) | 1.9 | 4 | 6.1 |
Hyperthyroidism (%) | 1.9 | 0.5 | 0 |
Hypothyroidism (%) | 0 | 2 | 0 |
Vaginitis (%) | 1.9 | 1 | 0 |
NICU (%)‡‡ | 40b | 10.9ab | 21.5a |
Neonatal jaundice (%)‡‡ | 20 | 10.9 | 10 |
Neonatal deformity (%)‡‡ | 2.2 | 1.1 | 0 |
Stillbirth (%)‡‡ | 6.7 | 0.5b | 6.2 |
Preterm birth (%)§§ | 36.5 | 12.8ab | 31.7 |
Neonatal hypoglycemia (%)‡‡ | 0 | 0 | 0.8 |
Neonatal asphyxia (%)‡‡ | 0 | 5.5 | 6.2 |
Neonatal infection (%)‡‡ | 0 | 1.1 | 0 |