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Table 2 Unadjusted and adjusted associations between number of months of LEAP 1000 treatment before delivery and birthweight among a sample of 1,439 Ghanaian infants; 2015–2017

From: The dose-response association between LEAP 1000 and birthweight – no clear mechanisms: a structural equation modeling approach

 

Infant birthweight (kg)

β (95% CI)

p-value

Unadjusteda

Adjustedb

Months of LEAP 1000 Treatment

0.005 (-0.001–0.011)

0.009 (0.002–0.017)

 

0.095

0.015

Household-level

  

Food insecurity score (0–8)

 

-0.002 (-0.018–0.014)

  

0.763

Improved lighting source

 

0.031 (-0.028–0.089)

  

0.302

Number of children under 5 in household

 

-0.007 (-0.046–0.032)

  

0.729

PMT score

0.006 (-0.305–0.316)

0.111 (-0.209–0.431)

 

0.971

0.495

Maternal-level

  

Parity

 

0.014 (-0.000–0.027)

  

0.054

Current NHIS enrollment

 

0.037 (-0.020–0.094)

  

0.199

Infant-level

  

Month of birth

 

-0.004 (-0.013–0.005)

  

0.383

Year of birth

 

-0.041 (-0.077 - -0.005)

  

0.027

Infant born during the rainy season (March - Sept)

 

0.005 (-0.050–0.060)

  

0.858

District [ref: East Mamprusi]

  

Karaga

 

-0.029 (-0.172–0.113)

  

0.687

Yendi

 

0.036 (-0.057–0.130)

  

0.447

Bongo

 

-0.018 (-0.082–0.047)

  

0.597

Garu-Tempane

 

-0.003 (-0.072–0.067)

  

0.940

N

1,439

  1. PMT: proxy means test; NHIS: National Health Insurance Scheme. aModel adjusted for PMT score; bModel adjusted for PMT score, parity, improved lighting source in household, number of children under 5 years old in the household, district of residence, year of birth, infant born in the rainy season, current NHIS enrollment, household food insecurity score, and month of birth. Standard errors clustered at household level