Table 1 Study characteristics. RFs = risk factors (place after line 147)
From: A systematic review of brachial plexus injuries after caesarean birth: challenging delivery?
Author | Year Published | Study design | No. of cases with BPI after CS | RFs for challenging delivery | Cases with RFs/total CS with BPI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Backe et al. [19] | 2008 | Case series | 2 | Malpresentation | 2/2 |
Donnelly et al. [20] | 2002 | Case control | 1 | Malpresentation | 1/1 |
Evans-Jones et al. [13] | 2003 | Case series | 5 | Malpresentation, obstructed labor | 4/5 |
Graham et al. [14] | 1997 | Case series | 1 | Malpresentation | 1/1 |
Gurewitsch et al. [21] | 2006 | Cohort | 1 | Malpresentation | 1/1 |
Iffy et al. [22] | 2005 | Case series | 2 | Malpresentation, Zavanelli | 2/2 |
Johnson et al. [23] | 2020 | Cohort | 3 | Malpresentation, emergency CS, obstructed labor | 3/3 |
Mcfarland et al. [24] | 1986 | Case control | 4 | Malpresentation, emergency CS, failed instrumental delivery | 3/4 |
Sherman et al. [25] | 2010 | Case series | 16 | Malpresentation | 9/16 |
Sibiñski et al. [26] | 2007 | Case series | 3 | Malpresentation | 1/3 |
Walsh et al. [12] | 2011 | Case series | 5 | Malpresentation, failed instrumental delivery | 4/5 |
Wolf et al. [27] | 2000 | Case control | 1 | Malpresentation | 1/1 |
Alexander et al. [28] | 2007 | Cohort | 9 | Obstructed labor, emergency CS | 5/9 |
Alsubhi et al. [29] | 2011 | Case series | 13 | Obstructed labor, fetal macrosomia | Unknown |
Bhat et al. [30] | 1995 | Case control | 8 | Obstructed labor | 8/8 |
Carsi et al. [31] | 2015 | Case series | 2 | Obstructed labor, raised BMI | 2/2 |
Gherman et al. [16] | 1997 | Case series | 17 | Obstructed labor, malpresentation | 17/17 |
Ogbemudia et al. [32] | 2012 | Case series | 1 | Obstructed labor | 1/1 |
Malik et al. [33] | 2014 | Case series | 2 | Obstructed labor, failed instrumental delivery | 2/2 |
Iffy et al. [34] | 2003 | Case series | 1 | Failed instrumental delivery | 1/1 |
Alfonso et al. [35] | 2004 | Case series | 1 | Emergency CS | 1/1 |
Al-Qattan [36] | 2016 | Case series | 1 | Emergency CS | 1/1 |
Fogel I et al. [37] | 2021 | Cohort | 3 | Emergency CS, fetal macrosomia | 3/3 |
Haley et al. [38] | 2019 | Cohort | 154 | Emergency CS | 50/154 |
Ouzounian et al. [39] | 2013 | Cohort | 1 | Emergency CS | 1/1 |
Rehm et al. [40] | 2019 | Cohort | 4 | Emergency CS | 4/4 |
Sinclair et al. [41] | 2008 | Case series | 1 | Emergency CS | 1/1 |
Wang KK et al. [42] | 2020 | Case series | 3 | Emergency CS | 2/3 |
Aberg et al. [43] | 2016 | Cohort | 18 | Fetal macrosomia | 6/18 |
Al-Qattan [44] | 1996 | Case series | 1 | Fetal macrosomia | 1/1 |
Ecker et al. [45] | 1997 | Cohort | 2 | Fetal macrosomia | 1/2 |
Torki et al. [46] | 2012 | Case series | 1 | Fetal macrosomia | 1/1 |
Eken at el [47] | 2015 | Case series | 4 | Raised BMI | 4/4 |
Doty et al. [48] | 2020 | Cohort | 1 | Zavanelli | 1/1 |
Gherman et al. [49] | 2010 | Case series | 1 | Zavanelli | 1/1 |
Iffy et al. [50] | 2007 | Case series | 2 | Zavanelli | 2/2 |
Kenaan et al. [51] | 2003 | Case series | 2 | Zavanelli | 2/2 |
Sandmire et al. [52] | 2003 | Case series | 1 | Zavanelli | 1/1 |
Turrentine et al. [53] | 1999 | Case control | 1 | Zavanelli | 1/1 |
Total | 152/286 = 53% |