Table 1 Quality assessment of the included studies using Newcastle–Ottawa Scale

Abu-Hashim 2022 [26]

**

*

**

Al-Alfy 2021 [9]

***

*

**

Alchalabi 2017 [49]

***

**

**

Algebally 2014 [66]

***

*

**

Ayati 2017 [60]

***

*

**

Ballcacer 2016

**

*

**

Bassetty 2021 [61]

**

–––

**

Borg 2018 [28]

***

*

**

Bowman 2014 [51]

**

*

**

Budorick 2016 

**

*

**

Cali 2013 [20]

***

*

**

Chong 2018 [30]

***

*

**

Chou 2000 [65]

**

*

**

Comstock 2004 [62]

**

––––-

**

Davutoglu 2018 [31]

***

*

*

De Marcillac 2016 [24]

***

*

*

Dwyer 2008 [16]

**

*

**

El-Wakeel 2018 [59]

***

*

**

ElHawary 2013 [32]

**

*

**

Finberg 1992 [33]

**

–––––

*

Fishman 2011 [63]

**

*

**

Fitzpatrick 2013

**

*

**

Garofalo 2019 [35]

***

*

**

Guo 2021 [37]

***

*

**

Hamada 2011 [36]

****

**

***

Hamisa 2015 [34]

*

*

*

Japaraj 2007 [15]

**

–––––

*

Knight 2018 [53]

***

*

**

Kumar 2016

***

*

**

Lerner 1995 [38]

*

*

*

Lim 2011 [67]

**

*

**

Lopes 2019 [25]

***

*

**

Luo 2019 [43]

**

*

**

Maged 2018 [10]

***

*

**

Magied 2018 [64]

***

*

**

Maher 2013 [41]

***

**

***

Mansour 2011 [42]

**

*

**

Marsoosi 2018

***

*

**

Masselli 2008 [22]

**

*

**

Morel 2020

***

*

**

Nawab 2017

***

*

**

Peker 2013 [45]

***

*

*

Pillioni 2016 [46]

***

**

***

Rac 2014

**

*

**

Rekawek 2021 [56]

***

*

**

Rezk 2014

***

**

***

Riteau 2014 [17]

**

*

**

Romero 2021

***

*

**

Shih 2009 [19]

**

*

**

Shweel 2012 [48]

**

*

**

Twickler 2000 [21]

**

*

**

Warshak 2006 [58]

***

*

**

Xia 2020 [23]

**

*

**

Zhou 2014 [18]

**

*

**