Table 3 Operation definition of level of knowledge

 ≥ 4 danger signs

1

Mwilike et al. (2018) [27, 33]

Danger sign during pregnancy

1. Knowledgeable (≥ 4) 31%

2. Low knowledge (1–3) 57,8%

3. Not (none) 2,7%

Mentioned ≥ 4 danger signs is having sufficient knowledge

 ≥ 3 danger signs

2

Vallely et al. (2019) [16]

1. Any Danger sign during pregnancy (183/459)

Knowledgeable 39,9%

Not 60%

2. ≥ 3 danger signs during pregnancy (39/183)

Knowledgeable 21,3%

Not -

1. Mentioned any danger sign

2. Mentioned ≥ 3 danger signs

3

Belay & Limenih (2020) [32]

1. Danger sign during pregnancy

Knowledgeable 71,4%

Not 28,6%

2. Danger sign during childbirth

Knowledgeable 65,3%

Not 34,7%

3. Danger sign during postpartum

Knowledgeable 77%

Not 23%

At least mentioned 3 danger signs considered as knowledgeable

4

Bogale & Markos (2015) [22]

1. Danger sign during pregnancy

Knowledgeable 31,9%

Not 68,1%

2. Danger sign during childbirth

Knowledgeable 27%

Not 73%

3. Danger sign during postpartum

Knowledgeable 22,1%

Not 77,9%

At least spontaneously mentioned 3 danger signs considered as knowledgeable

5

Woldeamanuel et al. (2019) [25]

1. Danger sign during pregnancy

Knowledgeable 56,1%

Not

2. Danger sign during childbirth

Knowledgeable 58,8%

Not

3. Danger sign during postpartum

Knowledgeable 34,5%

Not

At least spontaneously mentioned 3 danger signs considered as knowledgeable

6

Bililign & Mulatu (2017) [20]

1. Danger sign during pregnancy

Knowledgeable 46,7%

Not 53,3%

2. Danger sign during childbirth

Knowledgeable 27,8%

Not 72,2%

3. Danger sign during postpartum

Knowledgeable 26,4%

Not 73,6%

At least spontaneously mentioned 3 danger signs considered as knowledgeable

7

Shamanewadi et al. (2020) [5]

100% knowledgeable

Mentioned at least 3 danger signs

 ≥ 2 danger signs

8

Maseresha et al. (2016) [4]

1. Danger sign during pregnancy

Knowledgeable 25,5%

Not

2. Danger sign during childbirth

Knowledgeable 31,8%

Not

3. Danger sign during postpartum

Knowledgeable 19,1%

Not -

At least spontaneously mentioned 2 danger signs considered as knowledgeable

9

Dangura (2020) [23]

1. Danger sign during childbirth

Knowledgeable 45,5%

Not

2. Danger sign during postpartum

Knowledgeable 29,1%

Not

At least mentioned 2 danger signs considered knowledgeable

10

Nigussie et al. (2019) [8]

1. 37,9% have good knowledge

2. have less knowledge

At least mentioned 2 danger signs considered knowledgeable

11

Wassihun et al. (2020) [21]

1. 40.5% have good knowledge

2. 59.5% have poor knowledge

At least spontaneously mentioned 2 danger signs considered as knowledgeable

12

Nkamba et al. (2021) [6]

Obstetric danger sign

1. 1. 76% Poor knowledge

2. 23% Good knowledge

Mentioned more than median (> 2)

13

Oguntunde et al. (2021) [18]

1. Danger sign during pregnancy

Knowledgeable 50%

2. Danger sign during childbirth

Knowledgeable 58%

3. Danger sign during postpartum

Knowledgeable 41,45%

Mentioned at least 2 danger sign

 ≥ 1 danger signs

14

Salem et al. (2018) [31]

1. Danger sign during pregnancy

Knowledgeable 80,9%

Not

2. Danger sign during childbirth

Knowledgeable 51,9%

Not

3. Danger sign during postpartum

Knowledgeable 50,8%

Not

4. Danger sign of newborn

Knowledgeable 53,2%

Not

At least spontaneously mentioned 1 danger signs considered as knowledgeable

Scored above mean

15

Tjandraprawira & Ghozali (2019) [1]

1. 61,4% have good knowledge

2. 38,6% have less knowledge

Scored above average score (25.41 (± 3.44)) considered as knowledgeable

16

Amenu et al. (2016) [7]

1. Danger sign during pregnancy

Knowledgeable 52,1%

Not

2. Danger sign during childbirth

Knowledgeable 53,3%

Not

3. Danger sign during postpartum

Knowledgeable 46,4%

Not

If scored above the calculated mean is considered knowledgeable

Benchmark > 75%

17

Vijay et al. (2015) [24]

1. 6,38% were having good knowledge

2. 20% have fair knowledge

3. 73% have poor knowledge

1. > 15 Good knowledge (> 75%)

2. 10 – 15 fair knowledge (50–75%)

3. < 10 poor knowledge (< 50%)

18

Tamang et al. (2021) [14]

Obstetric danger sign

1. 4.7% good knowledge

2. 58.1% satisfactory knowledge

3. 37.2% poor knowledge

1. Good = Scored ≥ 80%

2. Satisfactory = Scored 60 – 79%

3. Poor =  < 60%

Not explained

19

Mardiyanti et al. (2019) [13]

1. 72,4% have good knowledge

2. 26,9% have less knowledge

Not explained

20

Emeh et al. (2021) [19]

73,3% knowledgeable / aware

Not explained