Fig. 1

Mean stillbirth rate in Finland (n = 1,569,739) and Sweden (n = 2,916,899) between 1994 to 2021 by changes in vitamin D fortification. Finland increased fortification 2003 and 2010 and Sweden in 2018, yearly data is given in Table 1. *Definition of stillbirth in Sweden was ≥ 28 weeks of gestation until 2007, which corresponds to ~ 15% lower cases than ≥ 22 weeks. **significance of difference in all three comparisons, p < 0.001