Table 3 Maternal presenting race/ethnicity and primary indication for unplanned cesarean, stratified by mode of labor onset (N = 1001)
|  | Spontaneous Labor Onset (n = 468) |  | Induced Labor Onset (n = 533) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary Indication for Cesarean Birth | n | Black presenting (n = 89) | White presenting (n = 292) | Hispanic-presenting (n = 87) | P-value | n | Black presenting (n = 105) | White presenting (n = 300) | Hispanic-presenting (n = 128) | P-value |
Arrest of dilation, n (%) | 155 | 33 (37.1) | 91 (31.2) | 31 (35.6) | 0.5 | 214 | 47 (44.8) | 112 (37.3) | 55 (43.0) | 0.4 |
Time duration from hospital admit to cesarean, median [IQR], hrs | 435 | 13.1 [9.5, 19.1] | 13.9 [8.6, 17.3] | 13.9 [9.3, 20.4] | 0.5 | 478 | 21.8 [15.9, 29.5] | 20.4 [16.0, 28.1] | 22.2 [14.8, 29.2] | 0.7 |
Non-Reassuring Fetal Heart Rate, n (%) | 159 | 44 (49.4) | 80 (27.4) | 35 (40.2) |  < 0.001 | 163 | 41 (39.0) | 87 (29.0) | 35 (27.3) | 0.1 |
Arrest of Descent, n (%) | 133 | 10 (11.2) | 105 (36.0) | 18 (20.7) |  < 0.001 | 87 | 6 (5.7) | 64 (21.3) | 17 (13.3) |  < 0.001 |
Failed Induction, n (%) | 0 | – | – | – | – | 48 | 9 (8.6) | 21 (7.0) | 18 (14.1) | 0.06 |