Fig. 2From: Disparities by race/ethnicity in unplanned cesarean birth among healthy nulliparas: a secondary analysis of the nuMoM2b datasetPrimary Indication for Unplanned Cesarean Birth by Presenting race/ethnicity and Mode of Labor Onset (n = 1001). Abbreviations: FHR, fetal heart rate; IOL, induction of labor. Panel a Primary indication of unplanned cesarean in laboring people with spontaneous labor onset (p < 0.05 difference between presenting race/ethnicity groups in non-reassuring FHR and arrest of descent), and b Induced labor onset (p < 0.05 difference between presenting race/ethnicity groups in arrest of descentBack to article page