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Table 1 Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors stratified by preterm

From: Maternal, obstetric and gynecological factors associated with preterm birth in Rwanda: findings from a national longitudinal study

Attributes

Pre-term

Full-term

Total

p value

n

%

n

%

n

%

Gender of the newborn baby

       

Male

36

31.9

265

37.6

301

36.8

0.237

Female

77

68.1

439

62.4

516

63.2

 

Maternal age [years]

       

15 to 24

44

38.9

340

48.3

384

47.0

0.018

25 to 34

43

38.1

270

38.4

313

38.3

 

35 to 49

26

23.0

94

13.4

120

14.7

 

Residence

       

Rural

84

74.3

525

74.6

609

74.5

0.957

Urban

29

25.7

179

25.4

208

25.5

 

Maternal marital status

       

Married

62

54.9

307

43.6

369

45.2

0.082

Cohabiting

43

38.1

338

48.0

381

46.6

 

Single

8

7.1

59

8.4

67

8.2

 

Maternal level of education

       

No formal education

8

7.1

64

9.1

72

8.8

0.410

Primary

64

56.6

438

62.2

502

61.4

 

Secondary

37

32.7

180

25.6

217

26.6

 

Tertiary

4

3.5

22

3.1

26

3.2

 

Occupation

       

Government employed

8

7.1

49

7.0

57

7.0

0.404

Business

14

12.4

87

12.4

101

12.4

 

Farmer

72

63.7

392

55.7

464

56.8

 

House wife

16

14.2

155

22.0

171

20.9

 

Others

3

2.7

21

3.0

24

2.9

 

Socio-class category

       

Social category 1x

21

18.6

116

16.5

137

16.8

0.678

Social category 2y

57

50.4

386

54.8

443

54.2

 

Social category 3z

35

31.0

202

28.7

237

29.0

 

Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy

      

Yes

27

23.9

147

20.9

174

21.3

0.468

No

86

76.1

557

79.1

643

78.7

 

Maternal smoking during pregnancy

      

Yes

2

1.8

3

0.4

5

0.6

0.089

No

111

98.2

701

99.6

812

99.4

 

Partner’s smoking status

       

Yes

17

15.0

57

8.1

74

9.1

0.017

No

96

85.0

647

91.9

743

90.9

 
  1. xCategory 1: Citizens who were homeless, extremely vulnerable, and unable to provide for their basic needs.
  2. yCategory 2: Citizens who could afford to eat once or twice a day but were unemployed and could only afford some type of low-class owned or rented housing.
  3. zCategory 3: Citizens who had a paying job or even employed people. Small farmers who went beyond subsistence farming or owners of small and medium-sized businesses were under this category.