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Table 7 Relative conditional effects of the MOD (X) on parent-infant-bonding at T3 (Y)a

From: The impact of mode of delivery on parent-infant-bonding and the mediating role of birth experience: a comparison of mothers and fathers within the longitudinal cohort study DREAM

Direct effect X ➔ Y

Indirect effect X ➔ M ➔ Y

 

effects

SE b

p

95% CId

 

effects

SE c

95% CId

\(\left.{\theta }_{Induced VD\to Y}\right|\left(W=1\right)\)

\(\left.{\theta }_{Induced VD\to Y}\right|\left(W=2\right)\)

-0.599

-1.521

0.839

0.900

.476

.091

[-2.244; 1.047]

[-3.287; 0.245]

\({\theta }_{Induced VD\to M}\left.{\theta }_{M\to Y}\right|(W=1)\)

\({\theta }_{Induced VD\to M}\left.{\theta }_{M\to Y}\right|(W=2)\)

0.645

0.802

0.187

0.301

[0.314; 1.048]

[0.257; 1.451]

\(\left.{\theta }_{Operative VD\to Y}\right|\left(W=1\right)\)

\(\left.{\theta }_{Operative VD\to Y}\right|\left(W=2\right)\)

-1.989

-1.492

1.273

1.335

.119

.264

[-4.485; 0.508]

[-4.111; 1.126]

\({\theta }_{Operative VD\to M}\left.{\theta }_{M\to Y}\right|(W=1)\)

\({\theta }_{Operative VD\to M}\left.{\theta }_{M\to Y}\right|(W=2)\)

1.633

1.482

0.360

0.442

[0.989; 2.390]

[0.677; 2.406]

\(\left.{\theta }_{Planned CS\to Y}\right|\left(W=1\right)\)

\(\left.{\theta }_{Planned CS\to Y}\right|\left(W=2\right)\)

-2.981**

-0.826

1.053

1.344

.005

.539

[-5.046; -0.916]

[-3.461; 1.810]

\({\theta }_{Planned CS\to M}\left.{\theta }_{M\to Y}\right|(W=1)\)

\({\theta }_{Planned CS\to M}\left.{\theta }_{M\to Y}\right|(W=2)\)

0.533

0.878

0.280

0.409

[0.012; 1.111]

[0.131; 1.758]

\(\left.{\theta }_{Unplanned CS\to Y}\right|\left(W=1\right)\)

\(\left.{\theta }_{Unplanned CS\to Y}\right|\left(W=2\right)\)

-3.744***

-2.404

1.150

1.313

.001

.067

[-6.000; -1.488]

[-4.980; 0.171]

\({\theta }_{Unplanned CS\to M}\left.{\theta }_{M\to Y}\right|(W=1)\)

\({\theta }_{Unplanned CS\to M}\left.{\theta }_{M\to Y}\right|(W=2)\)

1.857

2.256

0.401

0.530

[1.131; 2.730]

[1.319; 3.469]

  1. MOD mode of delivery, VD vaginal delivery, CS cesarean section, CI confidence interval, W = 1 = mothers; W = 2 = fathers; T3 = around 14 months after the actual birth
  2. aControlling for parity, academic degree, prenatal symptoms of depression, birth complications, timing of holding the baby for the first time
  3. bHC4 heteroskedasticity consistent standard error
  4. cBootstrapped standard error based on 5,000 iterations
  5. dPercentile bootstrap intervals based on 5,000 iterations
  6. **p < .01; ***p < .001