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Table 3 Adjusted associations between utilization of quitting approaches and changes in smoking among pre-pregnancy smokers in late pregnancy, in 2016–2018 PRAMS participants in seven states

From: Smokers’ utilization of quitting methods and vaping during pregnancy: an empirical cluster analysis of 2016–2018 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data in seven US states

Subgroups of pre-pregnancy smokers by use of quitting methods

N

Smoking amount in late pregnancy

Weighted row %

Adjusted odds ratio

(95% confidence interval) *

Abstinent

Reduced amount compared to pre-pregnancy

Not reduced

(Odds of abstinent) / (Odds of not reduced)

(Odds of reduced) / (Odds of not reduced)

(Odds of abstinent or reduced) / (Odds of not reduced)

“Not trying to quit”

677

44.3

34.2

21.4

reference

reference

reference

“Quit on my own”

1856

64.8

24.8

10.5

4.85 (2.82–8.35)

2.46 (1.31–4.60)

3.02 (1.85–4.92)

“Vaping”

109

31.3

30.2

38.5

0.62 (0.23–1.70)

0.43 (0.14–1.35)

0.54 (0.23–1.31)

“Wide-ranging methods”

512

35.7

46.8

17.5

1.76 (0.73–4.25)

1.80 (0.84–3.89)

1.53 (0.77–3.04)

  1. *Adjusted for average cigarette numbers smoked per day in the 3 months before pregnancy, mother’s age, education level, race/ethnicity, marital status, previous preterm history, plurality (number of previous live births), Kotelchuck index of prenatal care, pre-pregnancy BMI, drinking alcohol before pregnancy, and birth year. Statistical weighting schemes were applied in regression models to account for different sampling rates in different strata and nonresponse in PRAMS data