From: Increasing health facility childbirth in Ghana: the role of network and community norms
Descriptive characteristics | Total sample (N = 508) | Homebirth (n = 240) | Facility birth (n = 268) |
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | tn (%) | |
Age | |||
< 19 years | 15 (3.0%) | 3 (1.3%) | 12 (4.5%) |
19 – 24 years | 126 (24.8%) | 51 (21.3%) | 75 (28.0%) |
25 – 34 years | 271 (53.4%) | 138 (57.5%) | 133 (49.6%) |
35 – 49 years | 96 (18.9%) | 48 (20.0%) | 48 (17.9%) |
Education*** | |||
None | 288 (56.7%) | 179 (74.6%) | 109 (40.7%) |
Primary | 111 (21.9%) | 41 (17.1%) | 70 (26.1%) |
Secondary | 109 (21.5%) | 20 (8.3%) | 89 (33.2%) |
Employment*** | |||
Paid | 16 (3.2%) | 2 (0.8%) | 14 (5.2%) |
Self employed | 137 (27.0%) | 38 (15.8%) | 99 (36.9%) |
Unpaid/unemployed/other | 355 (69.9%) | 200 (83.3%) | 155 (57.8%) |
Household wealth*** | |||
Richest | 68 (13.4%) | 15 (6.3%) | 53 (19.8%) |
Medium | 136 (26.8%) | 51 (21.3%) | 85 (31.7%) |
Poorest | 304 (59.8%) | 174 (72.5%) | 130 (48.5%) |
Religion*** | |||
Christian | 244 (48.0%) | 97 (40.4%) | 147 (54.9%) |
Moslem | 179 (35.2%) | 78 (32.5%) | 101 (37.7%) |
None/traditional/Other | 85 (16.7%) | 65 (27.1%) | 20 (7.5%) |
Marital status*** | |||
Married/living together | 466 (91.7%) | 230 (95.8%) | 236 (88.1%) |
Not currently in union | 42 (8.3%) | 10 (4.2%) | 32 (11.9%) |
Ethnicity*** | |||
Akan | 147 (29.0%) | 34 (14.2%) | 113 (42.2%) |
Mole-Dadgbani | 164 (32.3%) | 74 (30.8%) | 90 (33.6%) |
Grum | 98 (19.3%) | 64 (26.7%) | 34 (12.7%) |
Other | 99 (19.5%) | 68 (28.3%) | 31 (11.6%) |
Parity | |||
Mean(SD) | 3.42(SD ± 2.2) | 4.1 (SD ± 2.4) | 2.95 (SD ± 2) |
Region*** | |||
Central | 164 (32.3%) | 42 (17.5%) | 122 (45.5%) |
Northern | 344 (67.7%) | 198 (82.5%) | 146 (54.5%) |
Usually makes decision about your health care*** | |||
Husband alone | 459 (67.1%) | 236 (77.4%) | 223 (58.8%) |
Respondent alone | 185 (27.1%) | 50 (16.4%) | 135 (35.6%) |
Other | 40 (5.9%) | 19 (6.2%) | 21 (5.5%) |
Family approve health facility care*** | |||
Higher approval | 460 (90.6%) | 198 (82.5%) | 262 (97.8%) |
Lower approval | 48 (9.5%) | 42 (17.5%) | 6 (2.2%) |
Friend approve health facility care** | |||
Higher approval | 473 (93.1%) | 215 (89.6%) | 258 (96.3%) |
Lower approval | 35 (6.9%) | 25 (10.4%) | 10 (3.7%) |
Network members known to have facility birth*** | |||
Most | 314 (61.8%) | 124 (51.7%) | 190 (70.9%) |
Some | 144 (28.4%) | 77 (32.1%) | 67 (25.0%) |
Few | 50 (9.8%) | 39 (16.3%) | 11 (4.1%) |
Women in community that have facility birth*** | |||
All/most | 307 (60.4%) | 101 (42.1%) | 206 (76.9%) |
Some/none | 201 (39.6%) | 139 (57.9%) | 62 (23.1%) |
Men in community that support facility birth ** | |||
All/Most | 363 (71.5%) | 153 (63.8%) | 210 (78.4%) |
Some/few/none | 145 (28.5%) | 87 (36.3%) | 58 (21.6%) |
MILs in community that support facility birth *** | |||
All/Most | 351 (69.1%) | 142 (59.2%) | 209 (78.0%) |
Some/none | 157 (30.9%) | 98 (40.8%) | 59 (22.0%) |