| FA-D(n = 186,8.88%) | FA-S (n = 1909,91.12%) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | Â | Â | 0.374 |
< 35 | 160(86.02) | 1626(85.18) |  |
≥ 35 | 26(13.98) | 283(14.82) |  |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | Â | Â | 0.405 |
< 25.0 | 147(79.03) | 1573(82.40) |  |
25.0 ≤ BMI < 30.0 | 34(18.28) | 279(14.61) |  |
≥ 30.0 | 5(2.69) | 57(2.99) |  |
Education(years) | Â | Â | 0.748 |
Under the high school | 26(13.98) | 288(15.09) | Â |
High school and above | 160(86.02) | 1621(84.91) | Â |
Monthly income (Â¥) | Â | Â | 0.320 |
< 5000 | 46(24.73) | 554(29.02) |  |
≥ 5000 | 140(75.27) | 1355(70.98) |  |
Parity | Â | Â | 0.060 |
0 | 123(66.13) | 1387(72.66) | Â |
≥ 1 | 63(33.87) | 522(27.34) |  |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â |
Active smoking | Â | Â | 0.606 |
No | 175(94.09) | 1803(94.45) | Â |
Yes | 11(5.91) | 106(5.55) | Â |
Passive smoking | Â | Â | 0.850 |
No | 159(85.48) | 1648(86.33) | Â |
pre-pregnancy | 12(6.45) | 108(5.66) | Â |
after pregnancy | 0(0.00) | 7(0.37) | Â |
pre-pregnancy to pregnancy | 15(8.06) | 146(7.65) | Â |
Drinking | Â | Â | 0.653 |
No | 182(97.85) | 1849(96.86) | Â |
Yes | 4(2.15) | 60(3.14) | Â |
Family history of diabetes mellitus | Â | Â | 0.310 |
No | 132(70.97) | 1433(75.07) | Â |
Yes | 53(28.49) | 454(23.78) | Â |
Unclear | 1(0.54) | 22(1.15) | Â |
Family history of hypertension | Â | Â | 0.531 |
No | 106(56.99) | 1007(52.75) | Â |
Yes | 75(40.32) | 853(44.68) | Â |
Unclear | 5(2.69) | 49(2.57) | Â |
Fertilization way | Â | Â | 0.618 |
Natural conception | 169(90.86) | 1711(89.63) | Â |
Non-natural conception | 17(9.14) | 198(10.37) | Â |
History of GDM | Â | Â | 0.677 |
No | 181(97.31) | 1841(96.44) | Â |
Yes | 5(2.69) | 68(3.56) | Â |
Gestational weight gain (kg) | 1.18 ± 2.70 | 1.21 ± 2.78 | 0.811 |
Vitamin B12 supplements |  |  | < 0.001 |
No | 163(87.63) | 887(46.46) | Â |
Yes | 23(12.37) | 1022(53.54) | Â |