Table 2 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis
Study | Design of study | Methods of brief insemination | Study groups | Maternal age (years) | Sperm concentration | Total sample size | Outcome measure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kattera et al. (2003) [11] | RCT | Cumulus cell removed | 2 h 20 h | 2 h:35.4 ± 4.1 20 h:35.1 ± 3.9 | 2 h: 20–30 × 103 spermatozoa and 1 × 106 spermatozoa per oocyte 20 h: 20–30 × 103 spermatozoa per oocyte | 2 h: total 130 patients (1105 oocytes) 20 h: 129 patients (1200 oocytes) | Normal fertilization rate Abnormal fertilization rate Top-quality embryo rate Ongoing pregnancy rate Implantation rate |
Dirnfeld et al. (1999) [3] | RCT | Cumulus cell retained | 1 h 16–24 h | 1 h:32.8 ± 3.8 16-24 h:33.2 ± 4.2 | Both 20–50 × 103 per oocyte | 1 h: 72 patients (732 oocytes) 16–24 h: 86 patients (822 oocytes) | Top-quality embryo rate Implantation rate Pregnancy rate |
Swenson et al. (2000) [2] | RCT | Cumulus cell removed | 2 h overnight | The groups were comparable in terms of age | Both 25 × 103 per oocyte | 2 h: 31 patients overnight: 35 patients | Clinical pregnancy rate |
Chen et al. (2019) [16] | RCT | Cumulus cell retained | 3–4 h 20 h | 3–4 h: 31.7 ± 4.3 20 h: 31.9 ± 3.9 | Both 20–30 × 103 per oocyte | 3–4 h: 128patients 20 h: 144patients | Live-birth rate Ongoing pregnancy rate Clinical pregnancy rate Miscarriage rate Implantation rate |
Pongsuthirak (2019) [17] | RCT | Cumulus cell retained | 4 h 16-18 h | 32.4 ± 2.3 (20–38) | Both 15–50 × 103 per oocyte | 4 h: 32patients (352 oocytes) 16–18 h: 28patients (363 oocytes) | Live-birth rate Ongoing pregnancy rate Clinical pregnancy rate Top-quality embryo rate Normal fertilization rate polyspermy rate Implantation rate |
Coskun et al. (1998) [18] | RCT | Cumulus cell removed | 1 h 18 h | 32.1 ± 4.9 | Both 0.7–3 × 106 spermatozoa per m/L | Total 36 patients 1 h: 229 oocytes 18 h: 235 oocytes | Top-quality embryo rate |
Boone et al. (2001) [19] | RCT | Cumulus cell removed | 3 h 19 h | 32.8 (range, 23–40) | Both20 × 103 spermatozoa per m/L | Total 20 patients 3 h: 165 oocytes 19 h: 168 oocytes | Polyspermy rate |
Gianaroli et al. (1996) [5] | RCT | Cumulus cell removed | 1 h 16 h | 1 h: 32.7 ± 3 16 h: 32 + 3.4 | Both 2–10 × 103 spermatozoa per microdroplets | 1 h: 85 patients (595 oocytes) 16 h: 82 patients (555 Oocytes) | Normal fertilization rate Polyspermy rate Implantation rate Clinical pregnancy rate Aborting rate Ongoing pregnancy rate Top-quality embryo rate |
Lundqvist et al. (2001) [20] | RCT | Cumulus cell removed | 2 h 18 h | 32 (25–40) | 2.5 × 105 spermatozoa per dish | 2 h: 26 patients (488 oocytes) 18 h:35 patients (504 oocytes) | Normal fertilization rate Polyspermy rate Top-quality embryo rate Implantation rate Live birth rate |
Barraud-Lang et al. (2008) [13] | RCT | Cumulus cell removed | 1 h 18 h | 34.0 ± 4.2 | Both1.5× 105 spermatozoa per m/L | Total 40 patients 1 h: 1232 oocytes 18 h: 1315oocytes | Normal fertilization rate Polyspermy rate Top-quality embryo rate |
Lin et al. (2000) [15] | RCT | Cumulus cell retained | 1 h 3 h 16–18 h | N/A | Both 50–100 × 103 Spermatozoa per oocyte | 1 h: 8 patients (34 oocytes) 3 h: 14 patients (78 oocytes) 16–18 h: 22patients (216 oocytes) | Normal fertilization rate Abnormal fertilization rate Top-quality embryo rate |