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Table 6 Association between GDM and small for gestational age in vAMA women

From: Association between very advanced maternal age women with gestational diabetes mellitus and the risks of adverse infant outcomes: a cohort study from the NVSS 2014–2019

Variables

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

OR (95%CI)

P

OR (95%CI)

P

OR (95%CI)

P

After imputation

 GDM

  No

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

  Yes

1.06 (0.97, 1.14)

0.190

1.07 (0.98, 1.16)

0.126

0.95 (0.87, 1.03)

0.200

Before imputation

 GDM

  No

Ref

 

Ref

 

Ref

 

  Yes

1.04 (0.95, 1.13)

0.402

1.05 (0.96, 1.14)

0.324

0.92 (0.84, 1.01)

0.068

Race

 Asian

1.27 (1.07, 1.52)

0.007

1.29 (1.08, 1.55)

0.004

1.08 (0.89 1.31)

0.438

 Black

0.92 (0.75, 1.12)

0.393

0.93 (0.76, 1.14)

0.495

0.89 (0.72, 1.09)

0.260

 White

1.01 (0.91, 1.12)

0.825

1.02 (0.92, 1.14)

0.687

0.89 (0.80, 0.99)

0.043

 Other

1.26 (0.79, 2.00)

0.334

1.35 (0.84, 2.15)

0.212

1.29 (0.78, 2.16)

0.324

Infertility treatment used

 Non-infertility treatment used

0.96 (0.87, 1.07)

0.453

0.98 (0.88, 1.08)

0.655

0.91 (0.81, 1.01)

0.076

 Infertility treatment used

1.21 (1.07, 1.38)

0.003

1.19 (1.05, 1.36)

0.007

1.03 (0.90, 1.18)

0.705

  1. GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus, vAMA Very advanced maternal age, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, Ref Reference
  2. For analysis after and before imputation and subgroup analysis by infertility treatment used:
  3. a Model 1 was an univariate model;
  4. b Model 2 adjusted for maternal age at delivery, race, education, and newborn sex;
  5. c Model 3 adjusted for maternal age at delivery, race, education, newborn sex, pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain, smoking status 1st trimester, hypertension eclampsia, gestational hypertension, pre-pregnancy hypertension, plurality, prior birth now living, pregnancy method, and method of delivery
  6. For subgroup analysis by race:
  7. a Model 1 was an univariate model;
  8. b Model 2 adjusted for maternal age at delivery, education, and newborn sex;
  9. c Model 3 adjusted for maternal age at delivery, education, newborn sex, pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain, smoking status 1st trimester, hypertension eclampsia, gestational hypertension, pre-pregnancy hypertension, plurality, prior birth now living, pregnancy method, and method of delivery