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Table 2 Characteristics of the pregnant women

From: Maternal circulating metabolic biomarkers and their prediction performance for gestational diabetes mellitus related macrosomia

Variables

GDM-M (n = 44)

GDM-N (n = 44)

P

age (years)

30.5 ± 3.4

29.7 ± 2.9

0.239

Height (cm)

164.5 ± 3.9

162.1 ± 5.1

0.013

Pre-pregnancy weight (kg)

54.5 ± 5.3

47.9 ± 4.7

< 0.001

Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)

20.1 ± 1.6

18.2 ± 1.5

<  0.001

Weight gain at 24 gw (kg)

7.4 ± 3.5

5.3 ± 2.7

0.002

Gravidity

2 (1, 3)

1 (1, 2)

0.036

Parity (0, 1)

26, 18

36, 8

0.019

Fetal sex (boy, girl)

30, 14

24, 20

0.189

Fasting glucose at 24 gw (mmol/L)

5.0 ± 0.5

4.7 ± 0.5

0.016

OGTT 1 h glucose at 24 gw (mmol/L)

9.7 ± 0.9

9.3 ± 1.2

0.066

OGTT 2 h glucose at 24 gw (mmol/L)

8.6 ± 0.7

8.1 ± 1.0

0.010

HbA1c at 24 gw (%)

5.2 ± 0.5

5.1 ± 0.3

0.114

TC at 24 gw (mmol/L)

5.9 ± 1.0

5.9 ± 0.8

0.799

TG at 24 gw (mmol/L)

2.5 ± 1.8

2.2 ± 1.0

0.279

HDL at 24 gw (mmol/L)

2.3 ± 0.4

2.6 ± 0.3

< 0.001

LDL at 24 gw (mmol/L)

3.2 ± 0.8

2.8 ± 0.6

0.018

  1. GDM-M women with gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia, GDM-N women with gestational diabetes mellitus and normal neonatal weight, BMI Body mass index; gw, gestational weeks, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein