Table 3 Data extraction
Authors | Year | Country | Research Aim | Research Design | Data Collection Methods | Sample Characteristics | Related Themes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Koppel & Kaiser [18] | 2001 | Germany | To examine the situation of fathers with a newborn child on an intensive care unit | Qualitative approach | In-depth individual interviews | 18 Fathers in NICU | The father versus the healthcare professional and the hospital environment The impact of high-risk pregnancies on fathers Redefining the role of ‘father’ after experiencing high-risk pregnancy Focus on fathers: Recommendations for support during high-risk pregnancies |
2 | Moore et al. [19] | 2019 | United Kingdom | To explore the discursive construction and social actions achieved by accounts given by men following a birth in which the mother developed life-threatening complications | Qualitative approach | Individual interviews, Secondary data analysis | 4 Fathers | The father versus the healthcare professional and the hospital environment The impact of high-risk pregnancies on fathers |
3 | McCain & Deatrick [20] | 1994 | Ohio, America | To describe the experience of high-risk pregnancy from the perspectives of mothers and fathers | Qualitative approach | Individual interviews, Secondary data analysis | 21 Parents (12 mothers and 9 fathers) | The impact of high-risk pregnancies on fathers Redefining the role of ‘father’ after experiencing high-risk pregnancy |
4 | Nansubuga & Ayiga [21] | 2015 | Rakai District, Central Uganda | The study examined the roles played by men after the onset of maternal near miss complications in Uganda | Both qualitative and quantitative (retrospective, cross-sectional study) | Narratives and in-depth individual interviews | 40 maternal near-misses and 10 partners | Redefining the role of ‘father’ after experiencing high-risk pregnancy |
5 | Hsieh et al. [22] | 2006 | Southern Taiwan | To evaluate the experiences of first-time expectant fathers with a tocolyzed spouse | Qualitative approach: Descriptive phenomenological design | In-depth individual interviews | 6 first-time fathers | The father versus the healthcare professional and the hospital environment The impact of high-risk pregnancies on fathers Focus on fathers: Recommendations for support during high-risk pregnancies |
6 | Aarnio et al. [23] | 2018 | Mangochi district, Malawi | To provide information about husbands’ role in decision-making and healthcare seeking in cases of pregnancy complications | A qualitative interview study | In-depth individual interviews | 24 individuals, with 12 of them being the fathers and the other 12 the mothers | The father versus the healthcare professional and the hospital environment Redefining the role of ‘father’ after experiencing high-risk pregnancy Focus on fathers: Recommendations for support during high-risk pregnancies |
7 | Cole et al. [24] | 2016 | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | To describe the incidence of psychological distress (symptoms of post-traumatic stress and de pression as endorsed on objective measures) among expectant parents, shortly after they received the diagnostic confirmation of a fetal anomaly at a high-risk fetal centre | A 2-year retrospective medical chart review | CFDT mental health screening tool and the Revised Impact of Events Scale (IES-R) | 1820 participants were screened, with 788 being expectant fathers and 1032 expectant mothers | The impact of high-risk pregnancies on fathers |
8 | Linberg & Engström [25] | 2013 | Sweden | The objective of the study was to describe new fathers’ experiences of care in relation to complicated childbirth | A qualitative thematic content analysis | In-depth individual interviews | 8 fathers | The father versus the healthcare professional and the hospital environment The impact of high-risk pregnancies on fathers Focus on fathers: Recommendations for support during high-risk pregnancies |
9 | Maloni & Ponder [26] | 1997 | United States | To describe the problems and stress of men whose pregnant partners are on bed rest and the assistance they received | Cross-sectional survey design (descriptive retrospective approach) | The Paternal Bed Rest Questionnaire (PBRQ) of open-ended questions | 59 Caucasian men of partners with prescribed antepartum bed rest | The impact of high-risk pregnancies on fathers Redefining the role of ‘father’ after experiencing high-risk pregnancy Focus on fathers: Recommendations for support during high-risk pregnancies |
10 | Patel et al. [27] | 2018 | Sweden | To explore the experiences of healthcare in fathers whose partner was suffering from peripartum cardiomyopathy | Qualitative research design | In-depth individual interviews | 14 fathers of which 8 are first-time fathers with partners presenting symptoms of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) | The father versus the healthcare professional and the hospital environment The impact of high-risk pregnancies on fathers Redefining the role of ‘father’ after experiencing high-risk pregnancy Focus on fathers: Recommendations for support during high-risk pregnancies |
11 | Patel et al. [28] | 2019 | Sweden | To learn more about fathers’ reactions over their partner’s diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy | Qualitative research design | In-depth individual interviews | 14 fathers of partners with (PPCM) | The impact of high-risk pregnancies on fathers Redefining the role of ‘father’ after experiencing high-risk pregnancy Focus on fathers: Recommendations for support during high-risk pregnancies |
12 | Tanasirijiranont et al. [6] | 2019 | Northern Thailand | The research question was: “What is going on in the process of becoming a first-time father among Thais whose wives have a high-risk pregnancy?” | Grounded Theory design | In-depth individual interviews | 23 Thai men informants | The impact of high-risk pregnancies on fathers Redefining the role of ‘father’ after experiencing high-risk pregnancy Focus on fathers: Recommendations for support during high-risk pregnancies |
13 | May [29] | 1994 | United States; Southern State | To describe the impact on expectant fathers of their partners' activity-restricted pregnancies | Qualitative | Phase 1: semi-structured interview Phase 2: semi-structured focus group discussion | Phase 1: 15 Fathers 2 weeks after partners restriction and Phase 2: 15 fathers 1–2 years after partners activity-restricted pregnancies | The father versus the healthcare professional and the hospital environment The impact of high-risk pregnancies on fathers Redefining the role of ‘father’ after experiencing high-risk pregnancy |
14 | Kaye et al. [30] | 2014 | Uganda | To gain a deeper understanding of their experiences of male involvement in their partners' healthcare during pregnancy and childbirth | Qualitative | In-depth individual interviews | 16 Fathers whose wives were admitted to hospital for severe obstetric complications | The father versus the healthcare professional and the hospital environment The impact of high-risk pregnancies on fathers Focus on fathers: Recommendations for support during high-risk pregnancies |
15 | Hinton et al. [31] | 2014 | UK | To explore the impact of near-miss obstetric emergency, focusing particularly on partners | Qualitative | In-depth individual interviews | 35 women, 10 male partners and 1 lesbian partner | The father versus the healthcare professional and the hospital environment The impact of high-risk pregnancies on fathers Focus on fathers: Recommendations for support during high-risk pregnancies |