Table 3 Association of socio-demographic, personal and behavioural factors with pregnancy, motherhood and adverse pregnancy outcomes among adolescents in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar (n1 = 4897, n2 = 2678)
Variables | Pregnancy (%) | P-Value | Motherhood (%) | P-Value | Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (%) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
State | ||||||
 Uttar Pradesh | 56.18 | 0.000 | 33.47 | 0.000 | 25.38 | 0.000 |
 Bihar | 63.64 | 47.19 | 15.43 | |||
Place of Residence | ||||||
 Urban | 62.39 | 0.003 | 40.64 | 0.269 | 18.41 | 0.437 |
 Rural | 60.76 | 42.63 | 18.6 | |||
Caste | ||||||
 SC/ST | 62.61 | 0.202 | 44.85 | 0.029 | 18.73 | 0.175 |
 OBC | 60.87 | 41.97 | 18.14 | |||
 Others | 57.35 | 37.56 | 20.66 | |||
Religion | ||||||
 Hindu | 61.11 | 0.881 | 42.83 | 0.259 | 17.9 | 0.261 |
 Non-Hindu | 60.42 | 39.72 | 22.18 | |||
Wealth Index | ||||||
 Poorest | 63.69 | 0.017 | 48.25 | 0.000 | 18.84 | 0.866 |
 Poorer | 61.87 | 43.71 | 20.6 | |||
 Middle | 59.39 | 42.95 | 17.31 | |||
 Richer | 62.63 | 40.56 | 17.69 | |||
 Richest | 56.42 | 34.78 | 18.64 | |||
Respondent level of education | ||||||
 0–7 year of schooling | 60.98 | 0.000 | 44.46 | 0.000 | 19.38 | 0.155 |
 8–10 year of schooling | 63.07 | 40.14 | 19.17 | |||
 11–12 year of schooling | 58.07 | 42.11 | 14.15 | |||
 12 + year of schooling | 48.36 | 31.38 | 12.69 | |||
Spousal Age Gap | ||||||
  < 5 years | 57.81 | 0.000 | 38.45 | 0.000 | 19.8 | 0.022 |
 5-10 years | 65.84 | 46.9 | 18.57 | |||
  > 10 years | 75.06 | 63.4 | 11.65 | |||
Age at Marriage | ||||||
  < 18 years | 65.16 | 0.000 | 48.18 | 0.000 | 18.28 | 0.031 |
 18-19 years | 39.33 | 11.87 | 22.08 | |||
Age at Cohabitation with Spouse | ||||||
  < 18 years | 66.78 | 0.000 | 51.46 | 0.000 | 18.51 | 0.469 |
 18-19 years | 45.12 | 16.8 | 18.93 | |||
Substance Abuse | ||||||
 No | 60.9 | 0.448 | 42.43 | 0.385 | 18.12 | 0.008 |
 Yes | 64.16 | 39.52 | 31.19 | |||
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)a | ||||||
Emotional Violence | ||||||
 No | 57.4 | 0.000 | 37.32 | 0.000 | 18.28 | 0.569 |
Yes | 70.09 | 54.94 | 19.11 | |||
Physical Violence | ||||||
 No | 56.79 | 0.000 | 37.15 | 0.000 | 16.39 | 0.001 |
 Yes | 72.99 | 57.09 | 22.9 | |||
Sexual violence | ||||||
 No | 60.09 | 0.000 | 40.05 | 0.000 | 17.7 | 0.339 |
 Yes | 62.74 | 46.66 | 20.06 | |||
Media Exposure | ||||||
 Rare | 60.86 | 0.25 | 43.29 | 0.483 | 18.85 | 0.563 |
 Frequent | 61.3 | 40.47 | 18.02 | |||
Dowry related abuse | ||||||
 No | 60.22 | 0.000 | 41.06 | 0.000 | 17.99 | 0.417 |
 Yes | 63.26 | 46.01 | 20.09 | |||