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Table 3 Associations of maternal vitamin D across pregnancy with neonatal outcomes

From: Maternal plasma vitamin D levels across pregnancy are not associated with neonatal birthweight: findings from an Australian cohort study of low-risk pregnant women

Vitamin D measureª

Neonatal outcome

β (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Early pregnancy

 Crude

Birth length (cm)

0.02 (0.00, 0.03)

 

0.020

Birthweight (g)

2.12 (-1.22, 5.47)

 

0.212

LGA

 

1.01 (0.99, 1.03)

0.433

Macrosomia

 

1.01 (0.99, 1.03)

0.415

 Adjustedc

Birth length (cm)

0.01 (0.00, 0.03)

 

0.081

Birthweight (g)

0.37 (-2.52, 3.26)

 

0.801

LGA

 

1.01 (0.99, 1.03)

0.589

Macrosomia

 

1.00 (0.98, 1.02)

0.689

Mid pregnancy

 Crude

Birth length (cm)

0.01 (0.00, 0.02)

 

0.054

Birthweight (g)

0.96 (-1.64, 3.56)

 

0.468

LGA

 

1.00 (0.98, 1.01)

0.512

Macrosomia

 

0.99 (0.98, 1.00)

0.195

 Adjustedc

Birth length (cm)

0.01 (0.00, 0.02)

 

0.226

Birthweight (g)

-0.70 (-2.85, 1.45)

 

0.522

LGA

 

1.00 (0.98, 1.01)

0.629

Macrosomia

 

0.99 (0.98, 1.01)

0.262

Late pregnancy

 Crude

Birth length (cm)

0.01 (-0.01, 0.02)

 

0.411

Birthweight (g)

-0.10 (-2.74, 2.55)

 

0.943

LGA

 

0.99 (0.98, 1.01)

0.216

macrosomia

 

0.99 (0.98, 1.01)

0.327

 Adjustedc

birth length (cm)

0.01 (0.00, 0.02)

 

0.302

birthweight (g)

-0.04 (-2.17, 2.09)

 

0.971

LGA

 

0.99 (0.98, 1.01)

0.332

macrosomia

 

1.00 (0.98, 1.01)

0.555

Vitamin D deficiencyb

Neonatal outcome

β (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Early pregnancy

 Crude

birth length (cm)

-0.84 (-2.26, 0.59)

 

0.248

birthweight (g)

-159.53 (-470.47, 151.41)

 

0.313

LGA

 

0.63 (0.08, 4.94)

0.656

macrosomiad

 

-

-

 Adjustedc

birth length (cm)

0.11 (-1.12, 1.34)

 

0.858

birthweight (g)

58.67 (-206.12, 323.46)

 

0.662

LGA

 

0.83 (0.010, 6.92)

0.861

macrosomiad

 

-

 

Mid pregnancy

 Crude

birth length (cm)

-1.07 (-2.73, 0.59)

 

0.204

birthweight (g)

-144.92 (-481.00, 191.16)

 

0.395

LGA

 

1.27 (0.26, 6.08)

0.769

macrosomia

 

1.29 (0.27, 6.10)

0.749

 Adjustedc

birth length (cm)

-0.05 (-1.36, 1.25)

 

0.936

birthweight (g)

128.39 (-134.94, 391.71)

 

0.337

LGA

 

1.22 (0.23, 6.35)

0.813

macrosomia

 

1.30 (0.25, 6.81)

0.760

Late pregnancy

 Crude

birth length (cm)

-0.06 (-1.66, 1.54)

 

0.940

birthweight (g)

110.86 (-221.38, 443.10)

 

0.510

LGA

 

1.61 (0.36, 7.18)

0.530

macrosomia

 

1.71 (0.37, 7.93)

0.490

 Adjustedc

birth length (cm)

-0.15 (-1.45, 1.15)

 

0.818

birthweight (g)

91.75 (-181.93, 365.44)

 

0.508

LGA

 

1.43 (0.31, 6.71)

0.647

macrosomia

 

1.56 (0.31, 7.81)

0.587

  1. ªSerum 25(OD)D
  2. bvitamin D deficiency defined as defined as serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L; birth length and birth weight (continuous outcomes); LGA and macrosomia (binary outcomes); LGA (large for gestational age)
  3. ͨAdjusted models (adjusted for maternal age, gestation length, region of birth and smoking status, for neonatal length and birthweight outcomes, maternal age, region of birth and early pregnancy BMI for macrosomia and LGA)
  4. dinsufficient cell numbers and precision/ power/ robustness therefore macrosomia omitted from this model