Table 1 Socio-demographic, professional and childbirth characteristics between respondents

Age (years)

0.237

<  0.001

 <30

218 (47.0%)

134 (44.2%)

84 (52.2%)

166 (83.8%)

43 (26.5%)

9 (8.7%)

 30–40

187 (40.3%)

127 (41.9%)

60 (37.3%)

30 (15.2%)

72 (44.4%)

85 (81.7%)

  ≥ 41

59 (12.7%)

42 (13.9%)

17 (10.6%)

2 (1.0%)

47 (29.0%)

10 (9.6%)

Technical title

0.045

<  0.001

 Junior

116 (25.0%)

71 (23.4%)

45 (28.0%)

94 (47.5%)

18 (11.1%)

4 (3.8%)

 Intermediate

180 (38.8%)

110 (36.3%)

70 (43.5%)

87 (43.9%)

56 (34.6%)

37 (35.6%)

 Senior

168 (36.2%)

122 (40.3%)

46 (28.6%)

17 (8.6%)

88 (54.3%)

63 (60.6%)

Educational level

0.013

<  0.001

 College degree or less

118 (25.4%)

66 (21.8%)

52 (32.3%)

81 (40.9%)

24 (14.8%)

13 (12.5%)

 Bachelor / master degree

346 (74.6%)

237 (78.2%)

109 (67.7%)

117 (59.1%)

138 (85.2%)

91 (87.5%)

Years of work

0.171

<  0.001

 1–5

176 (37.9%)

106 (35.0%)

70 (43.5%)

137 (69.2%)

28 (17.3%)

11 (10.6%)

 6–10

129 (27.8%)

86 (28.4%)

43 (26.7%)

46 (23.2%)

51 (31.5%)

32 (30.8%)

  ≥ 11

159 (34.3%)

111 (36.6%)

48 (29.8%)

15 (7.6%)

83 (51.2%)

61 (58.7%)

Employment type

0.080

<  0.001

 Contract staff

319 (68.8%)

200 (66.0%)

119 (73.9%)

172 (86.9%)

88 (54.3%)

59 (56.7%)

 Formal staff

145 (31.2%)

103 (34.0%)

42 (26.1%)

26 (13.1%)

74 (45.7%)

45 (43.3%)

Monthly salary (CNY)

0.010

<  0.001

 < 5000

63 (13.6%)

34 (11.2%)

29 (18.0%)

47 (23.7%)

7 (4.3%)

9 (8.7%)

 5000-10,000

232 (50.0%)

145 (47.9%)

87 (54.0%)

103 (52.0%)

79 (48.8%)

50 (48.1%)

 >10,000

169 (36.4%)

124 (40.9%)

45 (28.0%)

48 (24.2%)

76 (46.9%)

45 (43.3%)

Shift work

0.017

<  0.001

 No

40 (8.6%)

33 (10.9%)

7 (4.3%)

1 (0.5%)

28 (17.3%)

11 (10.6%)

 Yes

424 (91.4%)

270 (89.1%)

154 (95.7%)

197 (99.5%)

134 (82.7%)

93 (89.4%)

Marital status

0.048

<  0.001

 Single

154 (33.2%)

91 (30.0%)

63 (39.1%)

154 (77.8%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 Married

310 (66.8%)

212 (70.0%)

98 (60.9%)

44 (22.2%)

162 (100.0%)

104 (100.0%)

Abortion history (times)

0.975

<  0.001

 0

352 (75.9%)

230 (75.9%)

122 (75.8%)

190 (96.0%)

97 (59.9%)

65 (62.5%)

 1

112 (24.1%)

73 (24.1%)

39 (24.2%)

8 (4.0%)

65 (40.1%)

39 (37.5%)

Parity

0.011

–

–

–

–

 0

198 (42.7%)

118 (38.9%)

80 (49.7%)

–

–

–

 1

162 (34.9%)

105 (34.7%)

57 (35.4%)

–

–

–

 2

104 (22.4%)

80 (26.4%)

24 (14.9%)

–

–

–

Mode of childbirth

0.244

0.093

 N-Miss

198

118

80

 Vaginal delivery

165 (62.0%)

119 (64.3%)

46 (56.8%)

–

94 (58.0%)

71 (68.3%)

 Cesarean section

101 (38.0%)

66 (35.7%)

35 (43.2%)

–

68 (42.0%)

33 (31.7%)

Labor pain experience

0.414

0.027

 N-Miss

198

118

80

 No

45 (16.9%)

29 (15.7%)

16 (19.8%)

–

34 (21.0%)

11 (10.6%)

 Yes

221 (83.1%)

156 (84.3%)

65 (80.2%)

–

128 (79.0%)

93 (89.4%)

Pain relief method

0.347

0.012

 N-Miss

243

147

96

–

34

11

 No

58 (26.2%)

37 (23.7%)

21 (32.3%)

–

41 (32.0%)

17 (18.3%)

 Non-pharmacological

88 (39.8%)

66 (42.3%)

22 (33.8%)

–

41 (32.0%)

47 (50.5%)

 Pharmacological

75 (33.9%)

53 (34.0%)

22 (33.8%)

–

46 (35.9%)

29 (31.2%)

Labor complications

0.065

0.326

 N-Miss

198

118

80

 No

248 (93.2%)

169 (91.4%)

79 (97.5%)

–

153 (94.4%)

95 (91.3%)

 Yes

18 (6.8%)

16 (8.6%)

2 (2.5%)

–

9 (5.6%)

9 (8.7%)

Children age (years)

0.033

<  0.001

 N-Miss

198

118

80

 Infant (<3)

93 (35.0%)

73 (39.5%)

20 (24.7%)

–

48 (29.6%)

45 (43.3%)

 Preschool (3–5)

89 (33.5%)

54 (29.2%)

35 (43.2%)

–

41 (25.3%)

48 (46.2%)

 School-age (≥6)

84 (31.6%)

58 (31.4%)

26 (32.1%)

–

73 (45.1%)

11 (10.6%)