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Table 4 Determinants of mistreatment of women during childbirth across five facilities in the oPt

From: Exploring women’s experiences during childbirth in health facilities during COVID-19 pandemic in occupied palestinian territory: a cross-sectional community survey

Item

Physical Abuse

Verbal Abuse

Non-Consented vaginal examination

No privacy or lack of privacy during vaginal examination

Long wait times or delays

Felt ignored, neglected or their presence was a nuisance

Mobilisation

Age

 18-24

1·13

(0·33-3·88)

1·25

(0·71-2·22)

0·85

(0·55-1·34)

0·66

(0·32-1·36)

1·28

(0·83-1·98)

0·89

(0·54-1·46)

1·89

(0·86-4·16)

 25-29

1·76

(0·56-5·47)

1·61

(0·97-2·72)

0·99

(0·65-1·51)

0·89

(0·46-1·73)

1·05

(0·70-1·59)

0·76

(0·48-1·20)

1·99

(0·99-4·01)

 30+

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

Education

 Up to secondary education

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

 Higher education

0·65

(0·27-1·54)

0·97

(0·63-1·48)

1·13

(0·80-1·59)

1·34

(0·77-2·34)

1·40

(1·06-2·10)**

0·74

(0·51-1·08)

0·52

(0·31-0·88)*

Number of births

 Up to 2 Births

1·78

(0·66-4·77)

1·71

(1·06-2·76)*

1·65

(1·10-2·45)*

0·98

(0·51-1·91)

1·31

(0·89-1·96)

0·54

(0·35-0·83)

0·98

(0·53-1·81)

 3 births or more

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

Curtains used

 No

2·45

(0·68-8·71)

2·55

(1·33-4·88)**

1·05

(0·56-1·98)

3·94

(1·87-8·30)***

3·29

(1·83-5·93)***

0·34

(0·19-0·62)

 

 Yes

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

Companion presence at any time

 No

3·11

(1·24-7·99)*

2·27

(1·36-3·80)**

1·50

(0·92-2·45)

0·717

(0·32-1·60)

0·82

(0·51-1·32)

0.71

(0·44-1·15)

1·17

(0·58-2·38)

 Yes

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

1 (Ref)

  1. *P=0·05, **P=0·01, ***P<0·0001
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

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