Gaza | West Bank | Total | p -value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Any physical abuse, verbal abuse, or stigma or discrimination | 62(23·0%) | 78(16·4%) | 140(18·8%) | 0·019 |
Any physical abuse | 14(5·2%) | 11(2·3%) | 25 (3·4%) | 0·032 |
Any verbal abuse | 54(20·0%) | 70 (14·7%) | 124(16·6) | 0·041 |
Any stigma or discrimination | 1(0·4%) | 4(0·8%) | 5(0·7%) | 0·404 |
Failure to meet professional standard | ||||
Caesarean section (N=745) | 68(25·2%) | 135(28·4%) | 203(27·2%) | 0·193 |
Non-consented Caesarean section (N=203) | 25(36·7%) | 41(30·3%) | 65(32·1%) | 0·32 |
Episiotomyb (N=251) | 103(38·0%) | 148(57·5%) | 251(33·6%) | 0·373 |
Non-consented Episiotomy (N=251) | 59(57·2%) | 117(69·6%) | 176(64·9%) | 0·001 |
Induction of labour (N=700) | 49(20·1%) | 91(20·0%) | 140(20%) | 0·521 |
Non-consented Induction of labour (N=140) | 41(83·7) | 76(83·5%) | 117(83·5%) | 0·814 |
Vaginal examination | ||||
Woman had any vaginal examination | 228(84·0%) | 402(84·6%) | 630(84·4%) | 0·521 |
Non-consented vaginal examination | 118(51·7%) | 269(66·9%) | 387(61·4%) | 0·002 |
Vaginal examination conducted privately | 193(84·6%) | 369(91·8%) | 562(89·2%) | 0·005 |
Discussed your health information privately | 162(71·7%) | 331(82·5%) | 493(78·6%) | 0·001 |
General description of experience of vaginal examinations | ||||
Comfortable | 87(38·2%) | 91(22·7%) | 178(28·3%) | |
A little uncomfortable | 91(39·9%) | 157(38·9%) | 248(39·3%) | <0·001 |
Quite uncomfortable | 35(15·4%) | 99(24·7%) | 134(21·3%) | |
Very uncomfortable | 15(6·6%) | 55(13·7%) | 70(11·1%) | |
Pain relief | ||||
Woman not offered pain relief during time in hospital | 198(73·6%) | 280(59·2%) | 487(64·4%) | <0·001 |
Woman requested pain relief | 110(40·7%) | 274(57·8%) | 384(51·5%) | <0·001 |
Woman did not receive pain relief | 98 (89·1%) | 109(39·8%) | 187(48·7%) | <0·001 |
Woman denied pain relief during time in hospital | 59(22·3%) | 53(11·2%) | 112(15·2%) | <0·001 |
Neglect and abandonment | ||||
No staff member present when the baby came out b | 15·0(7.6%) | 40(11·9%) | 55(10·1%) | 0·074 |
Woman waited for long periods of time before attended by health workers | 101(38·1%) | 141(29·7%) | 244(32·8%) | ·011 |
Woman felt ignored, neglected, or that presence was a nuisance for health workers or staff | 86(31·8%) | 88(18·6%) | 174(23·4%) | <0·001 |
Communication | ||||
Woman felt that health workers or staff did not listen and respond to her concern | 144(54·5%) | 344(73·7%) | 488(65·5%) | <0·001 |
Supportive care | ||||
Woman not allowed to have labour companion during labour process | 60(22·3%) | 38(8·0%) | 98(13·2%) | 0·001 |
Companion not present at any time and birth | 9(3·3%) | 44(9·3%) | 53(7·1%) | <0·001 |
Autonomy | ||||
Woman did not have easy access to water or oral fluids during labour | 121(48·6%) | 149(33·5) | 270(38·9%) | <0·001 |
Not allowed to eat b) | 9(4·5%0 | 21(6·2%) | 30(5·6%) | 0·271 |
Woman not told she could mobilise during labour, and did not mobilise during labour | 105(39·2%) | 115(24·2%) | 220(29·6%) | 0·389 |
Woman not allowed to deliver in her preferred position | 2(12·5%) | 8(35·3%) | 8(24·2%) | 0·186 |
Woman or baby detained in hospital because of inability to pay hospital bills | 2(0·7%) | 1(0·2%) | 3(0·4%) | 0·299 |
Health systems | ||||
Woman instructed to clean up blood, urine, faeces, or amniotic fluid | 8(2·6%) | 28(5·7%) | 36(4·7%) | 0·036 |
Staff suggested or asked the woman or companion for a bribe, informal payment, or gifta | 160(59·7%) | 9(1·9%) | 169(22·3%) | <0·001 |
Curtains, partitions, or other measures used to provide privacy for the woman throughout labour, childbirth, and post-partum periods | 251(93·7%) | 440(92·6%) | 691(93·0%) | 0·357 |