Table 1 Baseline characteristics of each cohort
Patients (N) | Total N = 199 | Group A−/− N = 124 | Group B−/+ N = 47 | Group C+/− N = 15 | Group D+/+ N = 13 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General characteristics | |||||
Maternal age a | 32 (28–35) | 31 (28–34) | 32 (28–35) | 32 (29–33) | 32 (27–36) |
Gestational age a | 33.5 (29.2–35.6) | 32.6 (28.4–35.5) | 34.6 (31.2–36.2) | 33.5 (31.3–35.0) | 36.0 (31.2–36.4) |
Caucasian | 183 (92.0) | 115 (92.7) | 45 (95.7) | 12 (80.0) | 11 (84.6) |
Smoking during pregnancy | 12 (6.0) | 6 (4.8) | 5 (10.6) | 1 (6.7) | 0 |
BMI (kg/m2) a | 26.5 (23.4–31.4) | 27.6 (23.8–31.3) | 24.4 (22.2–30.1) | 30.1 (22.8–33.2) | 27.7 (22.3–31.5) |
Reason of inclusion b | |||||
New onset of hypertension | 93 (46.7) | 45 (36.3) | 32 (68.1) | 6 (40.0) | 10 (76.9) |
Aggravation of pre-existing hypertension | 24 (12.1) | 16 (12.9) | 4 (8.5) | 3 (20.0) | 1 (7.7) |
New onset of proteinuria | 11 (5.5) | 3 (2.4) | 0 | 5 (33.3) | 3 (23.1) |
Aggravation pre-existing proteinuria | 2 (1.0) | 0 | 0 | 2 (13.3) | 0 |
Epigastric pain | 45 (22.6) | 33 (26.6) | 8 (17.0) | 3 (20.0) | 1 (7.7) |
Headache | 102 (51.3) | 71 (57.3) | 16 (34.0) | 10 (66.7) | 5 (38.5) |
Excessive oedema | 11 (5.5) | 6 (4.8) | 4 (8.5) | 1 (6.7) | 0 |
Visual disturbances | 36 (18.1) | 25 (20.2) | 6 (12.8) | 5 (33.3) | 0 |
Sudden weight gain | 2 (1.0) | 0 | 2 (4.3) | 0 | 0 |
Haemolysis | 2 (1.0) | 0 | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 1 (7.7) |
Elevated liver transaminases | 8 (4.0) | 5 (4.0) | 2 (4.3) | 0 | 1 (7.7) |
Low platelets | 7 (3.5) | 3 (2.4) | 4 (8.5) | 0 | 0 |
Estimated Fetal Weight < 10th centile | 29 (14.6) | 8 (6.5) | 14 (29.8) | 1 (6.7) | 6 (46.2) |
Gestational characteristics | |||||
Nulliparous | 87 (43.7) | 47 (37.9) | 25 (53.2) | 6 (40.0) | 9 (69.2) |
History of pre-eclampsia | 35 (17.6) | 25 (20.2) | 7 (14.9) | 3 (20.0) | 0 |
Gestational diabetes | 18 (9.0) | 10 (8.1) | 5 (10.6) | 2 (13.3) | 1 (7.7) |
Medical history | |||||
Chronic hypertension | 28 (14.1) | 22 (17.7) | 3 (6.4) | 2 (13.3) | 1 (7.7) |
Diabetes mellitus | 5 (2.5) | 4 (3.2) | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 0 |
Thromboembolic events | 7 (3.5) | 5 (4.0) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (6.7) | 0 |
Renal disease | 7 (3.5) | 3 (2.4) | 1 (2.1) | 3 (20.0) | 0 |
Medication at baseline | |||||
Aspirin prophylaxis | 57 (28.6) | 39 (31.5) | 8 (17.0) | 8 (53.3) | 2 (15.4) |
Antihypertensive agents | 24 (12.1) | 15 (12.1) | 5 (10.6) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (15.4) |
Clinical characteristics | |||||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 132 (125–145) | 130 (120–140) | 137 (127–145) | 140 (120–145) | 155 (143–163) |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 88 (78–94) | 85 (75–90) | 90 (85–100) | 80 (70–90) | 100 (88–105) |
Protein/creatinine ratio (mg/mmol) | 15 (12–22) | 13 (11–18) | 16 (11–20) | 42 (32–76) | 51 (39–134) |
≥ 0.3 g/24 h/collected following PCr | 18/29 (62.1) | 0/2 | 1/2 (50.0) | 6/14 (42.9) | 11/11 (100.0) |
sFlt-1/PlGF ratio | 14 (5–50) | 7 (2–16) | 81 (55–156) | 10 (6–33) | 144 (87–520) |
sFlt-1 (pg/ml) | 3195 (1957–6284) | 2299 (1477–3257) | 6885 (5765–9168) | 4896 (2087–6017) | 10,386 (8254–14,199) |
PlGF (pg/ml) | 206 (114–455) | 322 (196–516) | 81 (47–117) | 253 (173–540) | 75 (31–103) |