Table 2 Characteristics of included studies

Amico JA.; Seitchik J.; Robinson AG. (1984). Studies of oxytocin in plasma of women during hypocontractile labor. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism Feb 1984;58(2):274–9 [42]

(11 W)

Data from this study is also published in Seitchik (1984)

Amico JA.; Ervin MG.; Finn FM.; Leake RD.; Fisher DA.; Robinson AG. (1986). The plasma of pregnant women contains a novel oxytocin-vasotocin-like peptide. Metabolism: clinical and experimental Jul 1986;35(7):596–601 [43]

4 W

Arai T. (1980). The significance of plasma oxytocin in pregnancy and at parturition. Acta Obstet. Gynaecol. Jpn. 1980;32(12):2017–2026 [20]

14 W

16 W

Publication in Japanese

Data obtained from full article professionally translated into English

Dawood MY.; Wang CF.; Gupta R.; Fuchs F. Fetal contribution to oxytocin in human labor (1978). Obstetrics and Gynecology Aug 1978;52(2):205–9 [44]

7NB

26NB

Women received SOT by buccal (intra-oral) and/or intravenous routes

Dawood, M.; Ylikorkala, O.; Fuchs, F. (1980). Plasma oxytocin levels and disappearance rate after buccal Pitocin. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1980;138(1):20–24 [45]

9 W

De Tina, A.; Juang, J.; McElrath, T.F.; Baty, J.D.; Palanisamy, A. (2019). Oxytocin and Oxytocinase in the Obese and Nonobese Parturients during Induction and Augmentation of Labor. AJP Rep. 2019;9(2):E177-E184 [46]

18 W

Data from the 18/25 non-obese women with complete data are included in this review

Similar results reported in obese group (n = 12/25 with complete data)

Ende HB; Soens MA; Nandi M; Strichartz GR; Schreiber KL (2019). Association of Interindividual Variation in Plasma Oxytocin With Postcaesarean Incisional Pain. Anesth Analg Oct 2019;129(4):e118-e121 [47]

18 W

Post-caesarean

Erickson EN; Carter CS; Emeis CL. Oxytocin, Vasopressin and Prolactin in New Breastfeeding Mothers: Relationship to Clinical Characteristics and Infant Weight Loss. J Hum Lact Feb 2020;36(1):136–145 [48]

11 W

(33/46 W)

35 W

33/46 women received SOT postpartum as well as intrapartum

Oxytocin data for women with and without SOT exposure was combined

Fuchs AR.; Husslein P.; Sumulong L.; Fuchs F. The origin of circulating 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha during delivery (1982). Prostaglandins Nov 1982;24(5):715–22 [49]

10 W

10 W

Data from this study is also published in Husslein (1983a)

Fuchs, A.-R.; Goeschen, K.; Husslein, P.; Rasmussen, A.B.; Fuchs, F. (1983). Oxytocin and the initiation of human parturition. III. Plasma concentrations of oxytocin and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2α in spontaneous and oxytocin-induced labor at term. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1983;147(5):497–502 [50]

15 W

17 W

Fuchs AR.; Romero R.; Keefe D.; Parra M.; Oyarzun E.; Behnke E. (1991). Oxytocin secretion and human parturition: pulse frequency and duration increase during spontaneous labor in women. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nov 1991;165(5 Pt 1):1515–23 [5]

18 W

32W 

Furuya K.; Nagata I.; Imaizumi E.; Hirata J.; Kato K. (1988). [Fundamental studies on the measurement of plasma concentration of oxytocin during perinatal period]. Nihon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi Nov 1988;40(11):1685–92 [51]

5 W

Publication in Japanese

Data obtained from English abstract and tables

Gibbens D.; Boyd NR.; Crocker S.; Baumber S.; Chard T. (1972) The circulating levels of oxytocin following intravenous and intramuscular administration of Syntometrine. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw. 1972;79(7):644–6 [52]

26 W

Gu V.; Feeley N.; Gold I.; Hayton B.; Robins S.; Mackinnon A.; Samuel S.; Carter CS.; Zelkowitz P. (2016). Intrapartum Synthetic Oxytocin and Its Effects on Maternal Well-Being at 2 Months Postpartum. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.) Mar 2016;43(1):28–35 [53]

386 W

With and without SOT intrapartum and/or postpartum

(29 W)

Oxytocin data for women with and without SOT exposure was combined

Oxytocin data for women with intrapartum and postpartum SOT exposure was combined

Handlin, L.; Jonas, W.; Petersson, M.; Ejdebäck, M.; Ransjö-Arvidson, A.-B.; Nissen, E.; Uvnäs-Moberg, K. (2009). Effects of sucking and skin-to-skin contact on maternal ACTH and cortisol levels during the second day postpartum-influence of epidural analgesia and oxytocin in the perinatal period. Breastfeeding Med. 2009;4(4):207–220 [54]

9 W

14 W

14 W

20 W

Data from this study is also published in Jonas (2009)

Small discrepancies in numbers reported in this publication vs. Jonas (2009)

Other data from this study regarding blood pressure, cortisol levels and personality changes in relation to interventions is published in separate articles

Husslein P.; Fuchs AR.; Fuchs F. (1983a). [Oxytocin- and prostaglandin plasma concentrations before and after spontaneous labor: evidence of involvement of prostaglandins in the mechanism of placental separation]. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift May 1983;95(11):367–71 [55]

(10 W)

(10 W)

Publication in German

Data obtained from English abstract and tables and author (KUM) translation

Data from this study is also published in Fuchs et al. (1982)

Husslein P.; Kofler E.; Rasmussen AB.; Sumulong L.; Fuchs AR.; Fuchs F. (1983b). Oxytocin and the initiation of human parturition. IV. Plasma concentrations of oxytocin and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha during induction of labor by artificial rupture of the membranes. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology Nov 1983;147(5):503–7 [56]

6 W

16W

Jonas K.; Johansson LM.; Nissen E.; Ejdebäck M.; Ransjö-Arvidson AB.; Uvnäs-Moberg K. (2009). Effects of intrapartum oxytocin administration and epidural analgesia on the concentration of plasma oxytocin and prolactin, in response to suckling during the second day postpartum. Breastfeeding medicine: the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Jun 2009;4(2):71–82 [57]

(8 W)

(13 W)

(14 W)

(20 W)

Data from this study is also published in Handlin (2009)

Other data from this study regarding blood pressure, cortisol levels and personality changes in relation to interventions is published in separate articles

Otsuki Y.; Tanizawa O.; Yamaji K.; Fujita M.; Kurachi K. (1983). Feto-maternal plasma oxytocin levels in normal and anencephalic pregnancies. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica 1983;62(3):235–7 [58]

5 W

5NB

6 W

6NB

Also included 4 women and their newborns with anencephaly

Padayachi, T.; Norman, R.J.; Dhavaraj, K.; Kemp, M.; Joubert, SM. (1988). Serial oxytocin levels in amniotic fluid and maternal plasma during normal and induced labour. BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 1988;95(9):888–893 [59]

8 W

8NB

13 W

13NB

Patient C.; Davison JM.; Charlton L.; Baylis PH.; Thornton S. (1999). The effect of labour and maternal oxytocin infusion on fetal plasma oxytocin concentration. British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Dec 1999;106(12):1311–3 [60]

10NB

15NB

Perry RL.; Satin AJ.; Barth WH.; Valtier S.; Cody JT.; Hankins GD. (1996). The pharmacokinetics of oxytocin as they apply to labor induction. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology May 1996;174(5):1590–3 [61]

10 W

Pochard, J.L.; Lutz-Bucher, B. (1986). Vasopressin and oxytocin levels in human neonates. Relationships with the evolution of labour and beta-endorphins. Acta Paediatr. Scand. 1986;75(5):774–778 [62]

6 W

6NB

21 W

21NB

Also included 10 women and their newborns with fetal distress in labour

Prevost M.; Zelkowitz P.; Tulandi T.; Hayton B.; Feeley N.; Carter CS.; Joseph L.; Pournajafi-Nazarloo H.; Yong Ping E.; Abenhaim H.; Gold I. (2014). Oxytocin in pregnancy and the postpartum: relations to labor and its management. Frontiers in public health 2014;2(1):1–9 [63]

272 W

With and without SOT intrapartum

Oxytocin data for women with and without SOT exposure was combined

Risberg A.; Sjöquist M.; Wedenberg K.; Olsson U.; Larsson A. (2015). Water balance during parturition and early puerperium: A prospective open trial. Clinical biochemistry Sep 2015;48(13–14):837–42 [64]

12 W

(25 W)

30 W

Included additional 9 women with IV fluids and no SOT

Seitchik J.; Amico J.; Robinson AG.; Castillo M. (1984). Oxytocin augmentation of dysfunctional labor. IV. Oxytocin pharmacokinetics. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology Oct 1984;150(3):225–8 [65]

11 W

Data from this study is also published in Amico (1984)

Seitchik J.; Amico JA.; Castillo M. (1985). Oxytocin augmentation of dysfunctional labor. V. An alternative oxytocin regimen. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology Mar 1985;151(6):757–61 [66]

10 W

Sellers SM.; Hodgson HT.; Mountford LA.; Mitchell MD.; Anderson AB.; Turnbull AC. (1981). Is oxytocin involved in parturition? British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Jul 1981;88(7):725–9 [67]

9NB

8NB

Takahashi, Y.; Uvnäs-Moberg, K.; Nissen, E.; Lidfors, L.; Ransjö-Arvidson, A. B.; Jonas, W. (2021). Epidural Analgesia With or Without Oxytocin, but Not Oxytocin Alone, Administered During Birth Disturbs Infant Pre-feeding and Sucking Behaviors and Maternal Oxytocin Levels in Connection With a Breastfeed Two Days Later. Front Neurosci 2021;15:673184 [68]

(5 W)

(8 W)

(10 W)

(13 W)

This study is a reanalysis of published in Handlin (2009) and Jonas (2009)

Other data from this study regarding blood pressure, cortisol levels and personality changes in relation to interventions is published in separate articles

[updated search 2022 Rev1]

Thornton S.; Davison JM.; Baylis PH. (1988). Plasma oxytocin during third stage of labour: comparison of natural and active management. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) Jul 1988;297(6642):167–9 [69]

10 W

15 W

Thornton S.; Davison JM.; Baylis PH. (1990). Effect of human pregnancy on metabolic clearance rate of oxytocin. The American journal of physiology Jul 1990;259(1 Pt 2):R21–4 [70]

10 W

10 W

Experimental study of SOT infusions to women at 8–10 weeks postpartum

Thornton S.; Davison JM.; Baylis PH. (1992). Plasma oxytocin during the first and second stages of spontaneous human labour. Acta endocrinologica May 1992;126(5):425–9 [71]

5 W

7 W

Velandia, M (2012). Parent-infant Skin-to-Skin Contact Studies. (PhD Thesis) Stockholm, Sweden: Karolinska Institute [72].

19 W

15 W

Post-caesarean

Yamaguchi, ET.; Cardoso, MM.; Torres, ML.; Nascimento, RC.; Ribeiro, MC.; Frerichs, E.; Payen, D. (2011). Serum oxytocin concentrations in elective caesarean delivery: A randomized comparison of three infusion regimens. Int. J. Obstet. Anesth. 2011;20(3):224–228 [73]

30 W

Post-caesarean

Yuksel, B.; Ital, I.; Balaban, O.; Kocak, E.; Seven, A.; Kucur, SK.; Erbakirci, M.; Keskin, N. Immediate breastfeeding and skin-to-skin contact during cesarean section decreases maternal oxidative stress, a prospective randomized case-controlled study. J. Matern.-Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(16):2691–2696 [74]

90 W

Post-caesarean