Outcomes | Total (N = 215) | < 1 course (n = 43): (1) | 1 course (n = 133): (2) | > 1 course (n = 39): (3) | P value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for < 1 course | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for > 1 course |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neonatal | |||||||
APGAR score < 7 (1 min) | 32 (14.9%) | 8 (18.6%) | 17 (12.8%) | 7 (17.9%) | 0.543 | 1.543 (0.588–4.051) | 1.552 (0.560–4.298) |
APGAR score < 7 (5 min) | 7 (3.3%) | 1 (2.3%) | 4 (3.0%) | 2 (5.1%) | 0.749 | 0.763 (0.078–7.449) | 1.553 (0.250–9.638) |
Post-natal adaptation | 17 (7.9%) | 4 (9.3%) | 9 (6.8%) | 4 (10.3%) | 0.723 | 1.331 (0.382–4.639) | 1480 (0.421–5.200) |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 3 (1.4%) | 1 (2.3%) | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0.589 | 3.230 (0.181–57.63) | 4.590 (0.250–84.38) |
Pneumonia | 7 (3.3%) | 3 (7.0%) | 3 (2.3%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0.305 | 2.821 (0.521–15.27) | 1.343 (0.130–13.87) |
Pneumothorax | 9 (4.2%) | 2 (4.7%) | 6 (4.5%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0.855 | 0.858 (0.160–4.596) | 0.452 (0.046–4.401) |
Intraventricular haemorrhage | 17 (7.9%) | 6 (14.0%) | 9 (6.8%) | 2 (5.1%) | 0.245 | 3.234 (0.976–10.72) | 3.049 (0.865–10.75) |
Necrotising enterocolitis | 30 (14.0%) | 10 (23.3%) | 14 (10.5%) | 6 (15.4%) | 0.035c | 2.484 (1.005–7.904) | 0.714 (0.141–3.613) |
Neonatal death | 10 (4.7%) | 3 (7.0%) | 4 (3.0%) | 3 (7.7%) | 0.342 | 2.214 (0.450–10.90) | 3.573 (0.704–18.13) |
Sepsis | 7 (3.3%) | 3 (7.0%) | 3 (2.3%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0.305 | 2.663 (1.051–6.746) | 1.474 (0.507–4.279) |
Hypothermia | 11 (5.1%) | 5 (11.6%) | 5 (3.8%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0.091 | 2.911 (0.782–10.83) | 0.659 (0.073–5.947) |
Phototherapy | 137 (63.7%) | 28 (65.1%) | 82 (61.7%) | 27 (69.2%) | 0.672 | 1.163 (0.562–2.407) | 1.364 (0.629–2.959) |
Transient tachypnoea of the newborn | 80 (37.2%) | 15 (34.9%) | 47 (35.3%) | 18 (46.2%) | 0.442 | 0.967 (0.465–2.015) | 1.567 (0.749–3.278) |
Ventilator support | 44 (20.5%) | 14 (32.6%) | 21 (15.8%) | 9 (23.1%) | 0.015c | 2.878 (1.262–6.561) | 1.746 (0.700–4.354) |
Continuous positive airway pressure | 84 (39.1%) | 21 (48.8%) | 48 (36.1%) | 15 (38.5%) | 0.329 | 1.801 (0.886–3.663) | 1.156 (0.545–2.452) |
Positive pressure ventilation | 34 (15.8%) | 7 (16.3%) | 21 (15.8%) | 6 (15.4%) | 0.994 | 0.999 (0.386–2.587) | 1.031 (0.377–2.802) |
Intermediate care unit admission | 151 (70.2%) | 27 (62.8%) | 99 (74.4%) | 25 (64.1%) | 0.227 | 0.570 (0.267–1.218) | 0.594 (0.268–1.315) |
Neonatal intensive care unit admission | 67 (31.2%) | 17 (39.5%) | 39 (29.3%) | 11 (28.2%) | 0.412 | 1.699 (0.813–3.547) | 0.956 (0.424–2.155) |
Respiratory distress syndrome | 23 (10.7%) | 8 (18.6%) | 11 (8.3%) | 4 (10.3%) | 0.162 | 2.688 (0.971–7.440) | 1.410 (0.409–4.859) |
Persistent tachypnoea of the newborn | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Length of hospital stay (days) | 13 (1–117) | 13 (1–106) | 13 (1–117) | 14 (1–101) | 0.865 | – | – |
Mean neonatal weight (grams) | 1970.5 ± 443.4 | 1911.63 ± 387.3 | 2017.6 ± 461.2 | 1874.9 ± 426.2 | 0.131 | – | – |
Maternal | |||||||
Gestational age at delivery (weeks of gestation) | 34.1 ± 2.1 | 33.8 ± 2.2 | 34.4 ± 2.1 | 33.5 ± 2.1 | 0.057 | – | – |
Underlying disease | |||||||
Diabetes mellitus (DM) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 | – | – |
Hypertension | 5 (2.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (3.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.211 | – | – |
Others | 20 (9.3%) | 5 (11.6%) | 12 (9.0%) | 3 (7.7%) | 0.843 | 1.327 (0.439–4.006) | 0.840 (0.225–3.142) |
Length of hospital stay | 7 (2–124) | 4 (3–22) | 7 (2–57) | 24 (3–124) | < 0.001abc | – | – |
Puerperal infection | 2 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0.454 | – | 3.474 (0.212–56.85) |
Referral to other centres | 15 (7.0%) | 4 (9.3%) | 7 (5.3%) | 4 (10.3%) | 0.448 | 1.846 (0.513–6.639) | 2.057 (0.570–7.431) |