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Table 2 Risk factors for intrapartum stillbirth relative to antepartum stillbirth, 24–43 weeks of gestation, United States 2014

From: Antepartum and intrapartum stillbirth rates across gestation: a cross-sectional study using the revised foetal death reporting system in the U.S.

 

Intrapartum death

Unadjusted

RR (95% CI)

Adjusted a

RR (95% CI)

Male sex

0.99 (0.83, 1.18)

0.99 (0.83, 1.18)

Age at delivery (years)

 <  20

1.16 (0.82, 1.64)

1.09 (0.77, 1.54)

 20–24

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 25–34

0.89 (0.72, 1.11)

0.99 (0.78, 1.25)

 ≥ 35

0.90 (0.68, 1.18)

1.06 (0.78, 1.43)

Maternal education < Bachelor’s degree b

1.20 (0.95, 1.53)

1.26 (0.96, 1.66)

Primipara c

1.33 (1.11, 1.59)

1.32 (1.08, 1.61)

Timing of first prenatal care visit

 First trimester

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 After first trimester

1.08 (0.86, 1.35)

1.06 (0.85, 1.33)

 No care

1.08 (0.73, 1.60)

1.04 (0.69, 1.54)

Maternal cigarette smoking d

1.06 (0.81, 1.41)

1.02 (0.76, 1.36)

Pre-pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2) e

 Underweight

1.46 (0.90, 2.35)

1.43 (0.88, 2.31)

 Normal

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 Overweight

1.01 (0.80, 1.29)

1.04 (0.81, 1.32)

 Obese class I

0.99 (0.76, 1.32)

1.05 (0.79, 1.39)

 Obese class II

0.92 (0.63, 1.32)

0.95 (0.65, 1.38)

 Obese class III

0.92 (0.62, 1.36)

0.95 (0.63, 1.44)

Maternal race f

 White

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 Black

0.75 (0.60, 0.95)

0.70 (0.55, 0.89)

 American Indian/Alaska Native

1.51 (0.83, 2.75)

1.43 (0.78, 2.60)

 Asian/Pacific Islander

0.84 (0.54, 1.29)

0.85 (0.55, 1.31)

 Hispanic

0.96 (0.76, 1.21)

0.95 (0.74, 1.21)

Pre-pregnancy diabetes g

0.96 (0.63, 1.47)

0.96 (0.62, 1.48)

Gestational diabetes h

0.71 (0.46, 1.09)

0.71 (0.46, 1.09)

Pre-pregnancy hypertension i

0.85 (0.56, 1.30)

0.96 (0.62,1.50)

Gestational hypertension j

1.45 (1.09, 1.93)

1.47 (1.09, 1.96)

Eclampsia k

1.34 (0.58, 3.12)

1.25 (0.54, 2.91)

In-hospital delivery l

0.63 (0.35, 1.14)

0.64 (0.35,1.17)

Attendant

 Doctor of Medicine

1.00 (Reference)

1.00 (Reference)

 Doctor of Osteopathy

0.82 (0.57, 1.19)

0.79 (0.54, 1.15)

 Certified Nurse Midwife/Other

0.87 (0.54, 1.40)

0.78 (0.48, 1.26)

  1. RR risk ratio
  2. aAdjusted for all other risk factors in the table. Antepartum stillbirths are the comparison group. bReference group is ≥ Bachelor’s degree. cParity includes prior live births, now living or dead; reference group is multipara. dMaternal cigarette use at any time during pregnancy. Reference category is no smoking. eUnderweight (< 18.5), Normal (18.5–24.9), Overweight (25–29.9), Obese class I (30–34.9), Obese class II (35–39.9), Obese class III (≥40). fIndividuals for whom Hispanic ethnicity was unknown were assumed to be non-Hispanic. g-kReference group includes those without a reported diagnosis of the condition lReference group is out of hospital place of delivery
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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