| Antepartum deaths N = 6200 | Intrapartum deaths N = 453 | Not living during labour, no initial assessment a N = 1061 | Unknown timing N = 4342 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % |
Male sex | 3236 | 52.2 | 235 | 51.9 | 549 | 51.7 | 2753 | 51.0 |
Age at delivery (years) | ||||||||
 <  20 | 434 | 7.0 | 40 | 8.8 | 89 | 8.4 | 344 | 7.9 |
 20–24 | 1431 | 23.1 | 112 | 24.7 | 270 | 25.5 | 1045 | 24.1 |
 25–34 | 3173 | 51.2 | 220 | 48.6 | 538 | 50.7 | 2162 | 49.8 |
 ≥ 35 | 1162 | 18.7 | 81 | 17.9 | 164 | 15.5 | 791 | 18.2 |
Maternal educational attainment | ||||||||
 < High school diploma | 1120 | 18.1 | 75 | 16.6 | 224 | 21.1 | 751 | 17.3 |
 High school diploma/GED | 1819 | 29.3 | 140 | 30.9 | 332 | 31.3 | 1310 | 30.2 |
 Some college/Associate’s degree | 1541 | 24.9 | 127 | 28.0 | 249 | 23.5 | 1019 | 23.5 |
 ≥ Bachelor’s degree | 1198 | 19.3 | 74 | 16.3 | 169 | 15.9 | 714 | 16.4 |
 Unknown | 522 | 8.4 | 37 | 8.2 | 87 | 8.2 | 548 | 12.6 |
Parity b | ||||||||
 Primipara | 2251 | 36.3 | 196 | 43.3 | 392 | 37.0 | 1635 | 37.7 |
 Multipara | 3796 | 61.2 | 241 | 53.2 | 649 | 61.2 | 2496 | 57.5 |
 Unknown | 153 | 2.5 | 16 | 3.5 | 20 | 1.9 | 211 | 4.9 |
Timing of first prenatal care visit | ||||||||
 First trimester | 4021 | 64.9 | 281 | 62.0 | 583 | 55.0 | 2521 | 58.1 |
 After first trimester | 1303 | 21.0 | 99 | 21.9 | 244 | 23.0 | 860 | 19.8 |
 No care | 325 | 5.2 | 25 | 5.5 | 116 | 10.9 | 304 | 7.0 |
 Unknown | 551 | 8.9 | 48 | 10.6 | 118 | 11.1 | 657 | 15.1 |
Maternal smoking c | ||||||||
 Yes | 682 | 11.0 | 53 | 11.7 | 132 | 12.4 | 477 | 11.0 |
 No | 4787 | 77.2 | 346 | 76.4 | 789 | 74.4 | 3147 | 72.5 |
 Unknown | 731 | 11.8 | 54 | 11.9 | 140 | 13.2 | 718 | 16.5 |
Pre-pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2) d | ||||||||
 Underweight | 151 | 2.4 | 17 | 3.8 | 27 | 2.5 | 121 | 2.8 |
 Normal | 2028 | 32.7 | 143 | 31.6 | 385 | 36.3 | 1317 | 30.3 |
 Overweight | 1474 | 23.8 | 107 | 23.6 | 227 | 21.4 | 972 | 22.4 |
 Obese class I | 959 | 15.5 | 68 | 15.0 | 149 | 14.0 | 638 | 14.7 |
 Obese class II | 528 | 8.5 | 34 | 7.5 | 75 | 7.1 | 342 | 7.9 |
 Obese class III | 418 | 6.7 | 27 | 6.0 | 57 | 5.4 | 294 | 6.8 |
 Unknown | 642 | 10.4 | 57 | 12.6 | 141 | 13.3 | 658 | 15.2 |
Maternal race e | ||||||||
 White | 2938 | 47.4 | 233 | 51.4 | 498 | 46.9 | 1923 | 44.3 |
 Black | 1626 | 26.2 | 95 | 21.0 | 300 | 28.3 | 1198 | 27.6 |
 American Indian/Alaska Native | 80 | 1.3 | 10 | 2.2 | 13 | 1.2 | 54 | 1.2 |
 Asian/Pacific Islander | 321 | 5.2 | 21 | 4.6 | 44 | 4.2 | 247 | 5.7 |
 Hispanic | 1235 | 19.9 | 94 | 20.8 | 206 | 19.4 | 920 | 21.2 |
Pre-pregnancy diabetes | ||||||||
 Yes | 298 | 4.8 | 21 | 4.6 | 27 | 2.5 | 167 | 3.9 |
 No | 5722 | 92.3 | 42 | 92.7 | 992 | 93.5 | 3800 | 88.7 |
 Unknown | 180 | 2.9 | 12 | 2.6 | 42 | 3.9 | 318 | 7.4 |
Gestational diabetes | ||||||||
 Yes | 404 | 6.5 | 21 | 4.6 | 43 | 4.1 | 209 | 4.9 |
 No | 5616 | 90.6 | 420 | 92.7 | 976 | 91.9 | 3758 | 87.7 |
 Unknown | 180 | 2.9 | 12 | 2.7 | 42 | 3.9 | 318 | 7.4 |
Pre-pregnancy hypertension | ||||||||
 Yes | 337 | 5.4 | 21 | 4.6 | 48 | 4.5 | 201 | 4.7 |
 No | 5683 | 91.7 | 420 | 92.7 | 971 | 91.5 | 3766 | 87.9 |
 Unknown | 180 | 2.9 | 12 | 2.7 | 42 | 3.9 | 318 | 7.4 |
Gestational hypertension | ||||||||
 Yes | 453 | 7.3 | 48 | 10.6 | 72 | 6.8 | 275 | 6.5 |
 No | 5567 | 89.8 | 393 | 86.8 | 947 | 89.3 | 3692 | 86.2 |
 Unknown | 180 | 2.9 | 12 | 2.7 | 42 | 3.9 | 318 | 7.4 |
Eclampsia | ||||||||
 Yes | 49 | 0.8 | 5 | 1.1 | 5 | 0.5 | 34 | 0.8 |
 No | 5971 | 96.3 | 436 | 96.3 | 1014 | 95.6 | 2933 | 91.8 |
 Unknown | 180 | 2.9 | 12 | 2.7 | 42 | 3.9 | 318 | 7.4 |
Delivery Place | ||||||||
 In hospital | 6109 | 98.5 | 442 | 97.6 | 1044 | 98.4 | 4197 | 96.7 |
 Out of hospital | 83 | 1.3 | 10 | 2.2 | 17 | 1.6 | 141 | 3.3 |
 Unknown | 8 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0.1 |
Attendant | ||||||||
 Doctor of Medicine | 5367 | 86.6 | 399 | 88.1 | 891 | 83.9 | 3713 | 85.5 |
 Doctor of Osteopathy | 464 | 7.5 | 28 | 6.2 | 92 | 8.7 | 299 | 6.9 |
 Certified Nurse Midwife/Other | 264 | 4.3 | 17 | 3.8 | 62 | 5.8 | 238 | 5.5 |
 Unknown | 105 | 1.7 | 9 | 2 | 16 | 1.5 | 92 | 2.1 |