Table 2 Cultural differences in the expression of pain during latent and active phase during labor process
From: Cultural influence on the expression of labour-associated pain
LATENT PHASE | p | V of Cramer | ACTIVE PHASE | p | V de Cramer | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Christian | Muslim | Hebrew | Atheist | Christian | Muslim | Hebrew | Atheist | |||||
Facial musculature | 0.849 | 0.081 | ||||||||||
0 | 13 (22) | 33 (18.8) | 0 | 1(12.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.013 | 0.181 | ||
1 | 32(54.2) | 84(47.7) | 1(33.3) | 4(50) | 24(40.7) | 44(25) | 0 | 4(50) | ||||
2 | 14(23.7) | 57(32.4) | 2(66.7) | 3(37.5) | 33(55.9) | 92(52.3) | 2(66.7) | 3(37.5) | ||||
3 | 0 | 2(1.1) | 0 | 0 | 2(3.4) | 40(22.7) | 1(33) | 1(12.5) | ||||
Corporal response | 0.020 | 0.163 | 0.001 | 0.211 | ||||||||
0 | 12(20.3) | 18(10.2) | 0 | 2(25) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
1 | 39(66.1) | 88(50) | 3(100) | 5(62.5) | 21(35.6) | 26(14.8) | 1(33.3) | 3(37.5) | ||||
2 | 8(13.6) | 68(38.6) | 0 | 1(12.5) | 35(59.3) | 102(58) | 2(66.7) | 4(50) | ||||
3 | 0 | 2(1.1) | 0 | 0 | 3(5.1) | 48(27.3) | 0 | 1(12.5) | ||||
Verbal response | 0.028 | 0.159 | 0.000 | 0.215 | ||||||||
0 | 20(33.9) | 33(18.8) | 2(66.7) | 2(25) | 1(1.7) | 1(0.6) | 0 | 0 | ||||
1 | 33(55.9) | 81(46) | 1(33.3) | 4(50) | 17(28.8) | 21(11.9) | 2(66.7) | 3(37.5) | ||||
2 | 6(10.2) | 61(34.7) | 0 | 2(25) | 35(59.3) | 74(42) | 0 | 3(37.5) | ||||
3 | 0 | 1(0.6) | 0 | 0 | 6(10.2) | 80(45.5) | 1(33.3) | 2(25) | ||||
Restlessness | 0.329 | 0.118 | 0.000 | 0.301 | ||||||||
0 | 13(22) | 26(14.8) | 2(66.7) | 2(25) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
1 | 34(57.6) | 96(54.5) | 0 | 5(62.5) | 17(28.8) | 10(5.7) | 1(33.3) | 3(37.5) | ||||
2 | 11(18.6) | 49(27.8) | 1(33) | 1(12.5) | 39(66.1) | 94(53.4) | 1(33.3) | 4(50) | ||||
3 | 1(1.7) | 5(2.8) | 0 | 0 | 3(5.1) | 72(4.9) | 1(33.3) | 1(12.5) | ||||
Ability to relax | 0.621 | 0.098 | 0.000 | 0.262 | ||||||||
0 | 12(20.3) | 16(9.1) | 0 | 1(12.5) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
1 | 35(59.3) | 115(65.3) | 2(66.7) | 6(75) | 11(18.6) | 18(10.2) | 1(33.3) | 1(12.5) | ||||
2 | 12(20.3) | 43(24.4) | 1(33.3) | 1(12.5) | 43(72.9) | 71(40.3) | 2(66.7) | 4(50) | ||||
3 | 0 | 2(1.1) | 0 | 0 | 5(8.5) | 87(49.4) | 0 | 3(37.5) | ||||
Vegetative Symptoms | 0.636 | 0.094 | 0.045 | 0.153 | ||||||||
0 | 26(44.1) | 72(40.9) | 0 | 4(50) | 0 | 6(3.4) | 0 | 0 | ||||
1 | 27(45.8) | 87(49.4) | 3(100) | 4(50) | 45(76.3) | 109(61.9) | 0 | 6(75) | ||||
2 | 6(10.2) | 17(9.7) | 0 | 0 | 14(23.7) | 50(28.4) | 2(66.7) | 1(12.5) | ||||
3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11(6.3) | 1(33.3) | 1(12.5) | ||||
TOTAL ESVADOPA SCORE | 5.37 (2.212) | 6.69 (2.302) | 6 (1) | 5.5 (2.568) | 0.887 | 10 (1.509) | 12.57 (2.113) | 11.67 (3.786) | 10.63 (2.066) | 0.027 | ||