Variables | Control group (N = 352) | FGR group (N = 88) | P value |
---|---|---|---|
Basic characteristics | |||
Gestational age at examination (weeks) | 33 (23+1 ~ 40+2) | 33+1 (23+4 ~ 40+1) | 0.917 |
Maternal age (years) | 31 (22 ~ 40) | 31 (23 ~ 41) | 0.590 |
Pre-pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2) | 20.2 (15.4 ~ 28.2) | 20.3(16.6 ~ 27.4) | 0.272 |
Cigarette smoking in pregnancy | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.14%) | - |
Maternal disease | 0 (0%) | 21 (23.9%) | < 0.001 |
Nulliparous | 233 (66.2%) | 61 (69.3%) | 0.578 |
Ultrasound examination | |||
mUtA | 0.70 (0.35 ~ 1.83) | 0.89 (0.40 ~ 1.79) | 0.525 |
Cephalic presentation | 275 (78.1%) | 74 (84.1%) | 0.216 |
EFWp | 52.5% (99 ~ 12.2%) | 3% (8.1 ~ < 1%) | < 0.001 |
UmA-PI | 1.01 (0.53 ~ 1.46) | 1.71 (0.68 ~ 1.81) | 0.006 |
MCA-PI | 1.97 (0.93 ~ 3.98) | 1.68 (0.93 ~ 2.57) | 0.004 |
Delivery and neonate | |||
Gestational age at birth (weeks) | 39+1 (37 ~ 41) | 37 (27+1 ~ 40+4) | < 0.001 |
Cesarean at delivery | 127 (36.1%) | 44 (50.0%) | 0.017 |
Birth weight (g) | 3240 (2500 ~ 3950) | 2300 (780 ~ 2880) | < 0.001 |
Birth weight Z-score | 0.38 (-1.19 ~ 1.99) | -2.15 (-5.16 ~ -1.34) | < 0.001 |
Neonatal head circumference (cm) | 34 (32 ~ 36) | 32 (24 ~ 34) | < 0.001 |
Neonatal head circumference Z-score | 0.85 (-0.99 ~ 3.75) | -0.34 (-3.88 ~ 0.98) | < 0.001 |
Male | 201 (57.1%) | 57 (64.8%) | 0.191 |
5-min Apgar score ≤ 7 | 14 (4.0%) | 11 (12.5%) | 0.002 |
Lower umbilical artery PH (≤ 7.20) | 9 (3.2%) a | 18 (20.5%) a | < 0.001 |
Length of hospitalization (days) | 3 (2 ~ 12) | 6 (2 ~ 66) | 0.006 |
Neonatal complications | 14 (4.0%) | 11 (12.5%) | 0.002 |