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Table 2 Effects for the association between violence against women and depression during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes

From: Association between violence and depression during pregnancy with perinatal outcomes: a moderated mediation analysis

 

Violence during pregnancy**

Physical violence**

Psychological violence**

Estimate

p-value

Estimate

p-value

Estimate

p-value

Birth Weight

      

ACME (Control group)

14.85

0.41

−4.89

0.67

15.15

0.39

ACME (Exposure group)

−41.69

< 0.001

−77.72

0.05

−40.89

< 0.001

ADE (Control group)

37.59

0.19

24.16

0.67

35.66

0.30

ADE (Exposure group)

−19.95

0.71

−48.57

0.40

−20.38

0.53

Total effect

−4.10

0.98

−53.55

0.34

−5.23

0.76

MME

−56.54

0.02

−72.74

0.08

−56.04

0.02

Gestational Age

      

ACME (Control group)

0.07

0.33

−0.04

0.51

0.03

0.67

ACME (Exposure group)

−0.21

< 0.001

−0.38

0.01

−0.19

< 0.001

ADE (Control group)

0.13

0.27

0.14

0.54

0.12

0.31

ADE (Exposure group)

−0.16

0.26

−0.19

0.35

−0.10

0.53

Total effect

−0.08

0.55

−0.24

0.20

−0.07

0.60

MME

−0.29

0.00

−0.33

0.03

−0.22

0.02

Intrauterine growth restriction

     

ACME (Control group)

< 0.001

0.96

< 0.001

0.54

< 0.001

0.98

ACME (Exposure group)

< 0.001

0.39

< 0.001

0.63

< 0.001

0.43

ADE (Control group)

−0.11

0.46

−0.01

0.58

−0.01

0.43

ADE (Exposure group)

−0.01

0.34

−0.01

0.44

−0.15

0.31

Total effect

−0.01

0.28

−0.02

0.31

−0.01

0.26

MME

< 0.001

0.66

< 0.001

0.85

< 0.001

0.72

  1. Caption: ACME: Average causal mediation effect ADE: Average direct effect MME: Moderated Mediation Effect
  2. **Models adjusted by: Mother’s age, number of children, pregnancy planning, economic class, family income, schooling and mother’s occupation