Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study groups

Gestational age at sampling (weeks)

16.6 ± 3.5

16.4 ± 3.4

0.774

15.9 ± 3

15.9 ± 3.1

0.961

16.4 ± 3.4

16.4 ± 3.3

0.95

18.6 ± 3.8

18.8 ± 3.9

0.821

Maternal age (y)

33.3 ± 3.6

31.7 ± 5.0

0.176

35.7 ± 2.1

32.1 ± 5.1

0.027

34.0 ± 3.4

34.0 ± 3.3

0.953

30.6 ± 5.0

30.1 ± 4.9

0.537

Birth weight (g)

4147.9 ± 95.9

3292.2 ± 40.6

< 0.001

4291.6 ± 122.2

3311.1 ± 55.2

< 0.001

4228.9 ± 107.1

3289.3 ± 9.09

< 0.001

4137.1 ± 52.2

3218.2 ± 47.4

< 0.001