Table 3 Obstetric characteristics of LM and GM women who gave birth in North Shewa Zone Hospitals, 2021
Variables | Category | Parity, n (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
LM (360) | GM (180) | p-value | ||
Interpregnancy interval | < 24 months ≥ 24 months | 18 (5.0) 342 (95.0) | 12 (6.7) 168 (93.3) | 0.425 |
ANC visit | Yes No | 348 (96.7) 12 (3.3) | 156 (86.7) 24 (13.3) | 0.000 |
GA at first ANC visit | ≤ 16 weeks > 16 weeks | 218 (62.6) 130 (37.4) | 60 (38.5) 96 (61.5) | 0.000 |
Number of ANC visits | 1 – 3 ≥ 4 | 118 (33.9) 230 (66.1) | 68 (43.6) 88 (56.4) | 0.037 |
Past obstetric complications | Yes No | 136 (37.8) 224 (62.2) | 102 (56.7) 78 (43.3) | 0.000 |
Types of complications | Abortion Stillbirth/IUFD Neonatal mortality Preterm delivery Instrumental delivery Cesarean section Congenital anomaly | 60 (16.7) 6 (1.7) 8 (2.2) 12 (3.3) 32 (8.9) 24 (6.7) 2 (0.6) | 66 (36.7) 30 (16.7) 28 (15.6) 0 (0.0) 10 (5.6) 10 (5.6) 0 (0) | 0.007* |
Place of delivery (previous birth) | Home Health institution | 18 (5.0) 342 (95.0) | 38 (21.1) 142 (78.9) | 0.000 |
Mode of delivery (Previous birth) | Vaginal Cesarean section | 320 (88.8) 40 (11.1) | 160 (88.9) 20 (11.1) | 0.000 |
Distance of health institutions | < 15 min 15 – 30 min > 30 min | 134 (37.2) 106 (29.4) 120 (33.3) | 18 (10.0) 58 (32.2) 104 (57.8) | 0.000 |
Gestational age | Term Preterm Post-term | 308 (85.6) 24 (6.7) 28 (7.8) | 162 (90.0) 12 (6.7) 6 (3.3) | 0.133 |
Contraception use | Yes No | 276 (76.7) 84 (23.3) | 124 (68.9) 56 (31.1) | 0.052 |
Types of contraception used | Injectable Implant IUCD OCPs Natural methods Tubal ligation | 138 (50.0) 100 (36.2) 10 (3.6) 22 (8.0) 6 (2.2) 0 (0) | 50 (40.3) 54 (43.5) 0 (0) 14 (11.3) 4 (3.2) 2 (1.6) | 0.065* |
Planned pregnancy | Yes No | 336 (93.3) 24 (6.7) | 152 (84.4) 28 (15.6) | 0.001 |
Postpartum counseling | Yes No | 308 (85.6) 52 (14.4) | 136 (75.6) 44 (24.4) | 0.040 |
Alcohol use | Yes No | 38 (10.6) 322 (89.4) | 14 (7.8) 166 (92.2) | 0.302 |
Newborn sex | Male Female | 190 (52.8) 170 (47.2) | 100 (55.6) 80 (44.4) | 0.542 |
Birth weight | Low birth weight Normal Macrosomic | 38 (10.6) 294 (81.7) 28 (7.8) | 20 (11.1) 148 (82.2) 12 (6.7) | 0.887 |
APGAR score | Low Normal | 22 (6.1) 338 (93.9) | 18 (10.0) 162 (90.0) | 0.104 |