Table 3 Model results for costs of untreated MMHCs (in millions of dollars) for the 2019 birth cohort: Mothers by race/ethnicity group

Maternal costs

 Productivity losses

169.5

189.4

229.0

 Suicide

8.0

2.4

3.6

 Preeclampsia^a

8.8

8.8

16.6

 Cesarean delivery^a

14.7

9.5

22.7

 Peripartum stay^a

8.7

5.3

13.5

 Non-obstetric health expenditures

122.7

117.5

211.0

 Benefit receipt

5.6

5.0

10.3

Child costs

 Preterm birth^a

89.2

74.0

149.2

 Suboptimal breastfeeding^a

1.6

1.0

2.5

 SIDS

0.4

0.5

0.5

 Behavioral and developmental disorders

154.9

93.9

238.9

 Obesity

1.1

0.6

2.2

 Asthma

4.5

11.4

17.5

 Injury

7.1

3.3

7.1

 Emergency department visits

5.3

0.8

8.1

 Non-attendance of well-child care visits

-3.3

-2.0

-4.9

Total societal costs for one birth cohort (millions of $)

599

521

928

Cost per mother–child pair with an MMHC in the first year post-delivery ($)

18,941

27,308

19,327

Cost per mother–child pair with an MMHC in the first two years post-delivery ($)

23,784

34,209

24,131

Cost per mother–child pair with an MMHC, averaged over the first two years post-delivery ($)

11,892

17,105

12,066

Cost per mother–child pair with an MMHC in the first five years post-delivery ($)

43,106

61,671

43,322

Cost per mother–child pair with an MMHC, averaged over the six years from conception through the first five years post-delivery ($)

7,184

10,279

7,220